[1] We present stable oxygen isotope ratio (dO) measurements on deep-dwelling planktonic foraminifera from thewesternmargin of the North Atlantic in order to reconstruct the latitude at which the Gulf Stream separated from the western boundary of the Atlantic Ocean in the past. The modern separation latitude can be reconstructed within one degree from dO measured on the fossil shells of deep-dw...

Drosophila subobscura is geographically widespread in the Old World. Around the late 1970s, it was accidentally introduced into both South and North America, where it spread rapidly over broad latitudinal ranges. This invading species offers opportunities to study the speed and predictability of trait evolution on a geographic scale. One trait of special interest is body size, which shows a str...

deviations, in both the original counts and the numbers after reduction to magnitude 18.2. These deviations indicate the conspicuous nonuniformity in the distribution of galaxies throughout the region covered by the survey. The irregularities are so great from field to field that perhaps no conclusion should be drawn concerning the progression of average density with galactic latitude. The grea...

This paper examined cultural impacts on absolute and relative location estimates of 12 Eastern China cities, based on questionnaires of each city’s latitude and distances between city pairs. Linear regression analysis of the latitude estimates revealed that estimated latitude of a city is significantly related to its actual latitude. MDS analysis of the distance estimates revealed the gap that ...

Global position of the monthly mean Anticyclone (AC) time series, 300 mb aloft in the North-East Indian subcontinent over the range 0-45°N,60-130°E, were identified from the NCEP/ NCAR reanalysis dataset (1958-1998). Seasonal averagelatitude and longitude of the AC centres in the time series show two extreme complementary characters; 10.34°N (min), 102.27°E (max)in March and 29.08°N (max), 86.4...

[1] Recent paleoproxy records suggest that the mean latitude of the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) varied synchronously with North Atlantic climate over a range of timescales throughout the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum. We show that the present-day ‘‘meridional mode’’ of atmosphere-ocean variability in the tropical Atlantic is a potentially useful model for understanding th...

Is the transport of heat northward by the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift, and its subsequent release into the midlatitude westerlies, the reason why Europe’s winters are so much milder than those of eastern North America and other places at the same latitude? Here, it is shown that the principal cause of this temperature difference is advection by the mean winds. South-westerlies bring wa...

CONTEXT A previous study showed that significantly more boys were born in southern latitudes in Europe than in northern latitudes and the converse pattern was observed in North America. OBJECTIVE This study analyses secular trends in gender ratios for live births over the second half of the 20th century. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Analysis was carried out from a World Health Organisation...

Several computational experiments were carried out with a state-of-the-art ocean general circulation model to identify the northward directed Ekman transport of Antarctic and Subantarctic origin surface water as a mechanism which forces mid-latitude convection. The results indicate that the wind-driven transport of water in the surface layer is most efficient at increasing the depth of convecti...

This study examines the productivity and resilience of agroecosystems in the Korean Peninsula. Having learned valuable lessons from a Chapman University project funded by the United States Department of Agriculture which concentrated on the semi-arid region of southwestern United States, our joint Korea—Chapman University team has applied similar methodologies to the Korean Peninsula, which is ...