Sex plays a major role in stress integration and stress-related affective disease states. Notably, neurocircuits regulating organismic responses to stress are prime targets for central gonadal steroid action. To assess the roles of sex and estrous cycle in central stress integration, we analyzed c-fos mRNA expression in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical-related regions of stressed male and ...

The ultrastructure of neurosecretory cells in the paraventricular nucleus of the female rat in various stages of the estrous cycle was studied by electron microscopy. On account of the secretory cycle, the neurosecretory neurons were classified into four types, and the incidence of each type was counted throughout the estrous cycle. In proestrous afternoon, neurons at the phase of protein synth...

The transcriptional factor OCT4 regulates pluripotency of stem cells and has an important role during oocyte growth. Whereas, its role has remained ambiguous in ovarian tissue during reproductive cycle. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the expression patterns of OCT4 in mouse ovaries during the normal estrous cycle. Adult National Medical Research Institute mice were classified as...

The transcriptional factor OCT4 regulates pluripotency of stem cells and has an important role during oocyte growth. Whereas, its role has remained ambiguous in ovarian tissue during reproductive cycle. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the expression patterns of OCT4 in mouse ovaries during the normal estrous cycle. Adult National Medical Research Institute mice were classified as...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of glucosamine sulfate on the tibial epiphyseal disk of the ovariectomized rats. METHODS After ovariectomy (OVx), 28 female rats were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups with 7 animals each, treated as follows: OVx 21 - vehicle (NaCl 0.9%) 0.5 mL/day) for 21 days; OVx GS21 - 230 mg/kg/day glucosamine sulphate for 21 days; OVx 4...

To examine the role of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptor-mediated system in the timing of the proestrous LH surge, we observed the free running activity rhythm and the timing of the LH surge simultaneously in blinded cycling female rats. Blood samples were obtained from unanesthetized freely moving rats through an intraatrial cannula. Five hours after the activity offset on the day of proe...

systemic sclerosis is a generalized disorder of connective tissue, in which the pattern of disease extent, progression and outcome is heterogenous. to determine clinical features, disease extent and progression, we studied our patients in two phases of disease early (the first 3 years) and late phases (after 6 years of disease). 19 patients had diffuse cutaneous and 34 patients had limited cuta...

Isolated uterine vascular beds from virgin and pregnant rats were used to assess vascular reactivity and the ability of nitric oxide (NO), prostanoids and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) to modulate these responses. One uterine horn from female rats in each oestrous cycle day and gestation day 17 was removed and perfused with physiological saline solution. Tone was induced wit...

We present a component algebra and an associated logic for heterogenous timed systems. The components of the algebra are asynchronous networks of processes that abstract the behaviour of machines that execute according to the clock granularity of the network node in which they are placed and communicate asynchronously with machines at other nodes. The main novelty of our theory is that not all ...