Land levelling is one of the most energy-demanding steps in soil preparation. There are many limiting factors for a specific land operation, such as fertile topsoil conservation, limited allowed slope, cut to fill ratio, etc. These limitations make optimisation problems even more complicated. In this research, three computational and evolutionary methods including ICA, PSO, GA along with MLS we...

Levelling is the most precise technique for height difference measurements in geomatics engineering. Various systematic errors affect precise levelling observations and reduce the precision of the observed height differences. This study investigates digital levels residual compensator error and observational method for its elimination. For this purpose the levelling data, which was collected wi...

Flash filestores have a variety of unique features that lead to interesting design constraints. One challenge is that of ensuring that each block of the drive is used and erased evenly, known as “wear-levelling”. This paper presents a novel approach to the analysis of wear-levelling algorithms using probabilistic specification and analysis techniques. A simplified version of the wear-levelling ...

It is a consequence of theorems of Gordon–Reid [4] and Thompson [8] that a tunnel number one knot, if put in thin position, will also be in bridge position. We show that in such a thin presentation, the tunnel can be made level so that it lies in a level sphere. This settles a question raised by Morimoto [6], who showed that the (now known) classification of unknotting tunnels for 2–bridge knot...

Laser-controlled land leveling system can obviously improve the planeness of the field and enhance the efficiency of irrigation. The 3D topographic information was needed for project design and evaluation of laser land leveling. In order to obtain the topographic information efficiently, an onboard field 3D topography surveying system was developed. The surveying system consisted of a measuring...

We adopt automatic language recognition methods to study dialect levelling — a phenomenon that leads to reduced structural differences among dialects in a given spoken language. In terms of dialect characterisation, levelling is a nuisance variable that adversely affects recognition accuracy: the more similar two dialects are, the harder it is to set them apart. We address levelling in Finnish ...