Thyroid surgery can give rise to complications if performed without adequate knowledge of anatomy. With adequate knowledge of its anatomy, its variations and optimal operative technique complications can be reduced. Structures that should be protected at all costs include the recurrent laryngeal nerves, external branches of superior laryngeal nerves and parathyroid glands. Safe surgery involves...

We investigated the neural and chemical mechanisms contributing to the immediate ventilatory responses to laryngeal exposure to wood smoke in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Five milliliters of wood smoke were delivered into a functionally isolated larynx at a constant flow rate of 1.4 ml/s while the animals breathed spontaneously. Within 1 s after exposure, laryngeal wood smoke consistently ...

Neurophysiological studies of the larynx using laryngeal electroneuromyography (LENMG), which includes electromyography (EMG) and electroneurography (ENG), are essential for assessing neuromuscular function and for differential diagnosis of voice alterations (dysphonia) secondary to specific laryngeal disease or to other more general processes affecting the larynx. Laryngeal disease can be caus...

PURPOSE To carry out an anatomic study of superior laryngeal nerve in not preserved in formaldehyde and not frozen corpses. METHODS Thirty-eight male corpses from the Minas Gerais Medico-legal Institute (IML) were studied. In 18 corpses dissection was performed bilaterally and in 20 only on the left side, total number 56 nerves dissected. Their descriptive segments measurements and the anatom...

Congenital Laryngeal Paralysis Congenital laryngeal paralysis has been reported in Bouviers des Flandres, bull terriers, Dalmatians, rottweilers, and huskies. Bouviers des Flandres and bull terriers have mostly been reported from Europe, the Dalmatians and huskies from the United States. Laryngeal paralysis has a hereditary transmission in Bouvier des Flandres with an autosomal dominant trait. ...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To develop a reliable and safe laryngeal nerve conduction technique and to obtain consistent parameters as normal reference values. STUDY DESIGN A prospective single-arm study. METHODS A nerve conduction test was performed on the contralateral normal side in 42 patients with unilateral vocal fold palsy. The recording was performed in the intact thyroarytenoid muscle us...

The lesions of the laryngeal nerves, despite low incidence, are the most severe long term complications after thyroidectomy. Visualization after careful dissection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is now the golden standard among thyroid surgeons. We assessed traditional landmarks for the identification of RLN and anatomic high risk situation. The study also presented our initial experien...

Paragangliomas in the head and neck are found typically in the region of the carotid body, jugular body, and along the 9th and 10th cranial nerves. They can occur in multicenteric forms, but generally, laryngeal paragangliomas are not found in these patients. Only two cases of laryngeal paraganglioma have been reported with a synchronous lesion elsewhere. We report an additional case of a 34-ye...

Various energy devices had been used in thyroid surgery. Aim of study is to develop canine model for recurrent laryngeal nerve injury by harmonic scalpel and to evaluate feasibility of using this model for evaluating the safety use of harmonic scalpel during thyroid surgery. Nine dogs were divided into 3 groups according to distance between harmonic scalpel application and recurrent laryngeal n...

Background: Thyroid surgery is associated with a number of surgical complications including recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury and hypoparathyroidism. The existing methods share the same principle—the mobilization thyroid from lateral side. aim this study was to evaluate safety novel technique thyroidectomy—tension-free thyroidectomy (TFT) based on medial approach nerves parathyroid glands ...