In this section, the methodology and assumptions used to estimate the cost-effectiveness ratios of larviciding for urban malaria control in Tanzania are described. This supplemental material is organized into three sections. First, the data and assumptions used to calculate the number of disability-adjusted life years averted (DALY) are described. Second, the methodology used to estimate provid...

Larvivorous copepods (Macrocyclops, Mesocyclops and Acanthocyclops) were tested for their sensitivities to commonly used mosquito larvicides and adulticides. The cyclopoids were not harmed by Bacillus thuringiensis (H-14) (B.t.i.) or larviciding oil. Control of mosquito larvae in field trials was accelerated by applying B.t.i. at the same time cyclopoids were introduced to a breeding site. Amon...

OBJECTIVE To assess the contributions of both microbial larvicides and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) in terms of reducing malaria incidence in an integrated vector management programme in an area moderately endemic for malaria in the western Kenyan highlands. METHODS A pre-post, control group design was used. Larval and adult vector populations were surveyed weekly in six separate valley co...

In most parts of sub-Saharan Africa, malaria is still the most important vector borne disease, severely affecting people ́s lives and causing economic loss. Malaria vector control to date almost exclusively relies on long lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), while other approaches such as larviciding are less implemented. Rising resistances against commonl...

A prominent example of LSM in urban sub-Saharan Africa is the Urban Malaria Control Program (UMCP), Dar es Salaam, initiated by the City Council in collaboration with Ifakara Health Institute and overseas academic institutions [1-2]. In 2004, mosquito surveillance systems were established and after one year of intensive baseline data collection (2005-2006), operational larviciding with Bacillus...

Abstract Background Larval source management was historically one of the most effective malaria control methods but is now widely deprioritized in Africa, where insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are preferred. However, Tanzania, following initial successes urban Dar-es-Salaam starting early-2000s, government encourages larviciding both rural councils nationwide ...