this article reports on the findings of a study that investigated the impact of manipulating task performance conditions on listening task performance by learners of english as a foreign language (efl). the study was designed to explore the effects of changing complexity dimensions on listening task performance and to achieve two aims: to see how listening comprehension task performance was aff...

This study investigated students’ oral performance ability accounting for various oral analytical factors including fluency, lexical and structural complexity and accuracy with each subcategory. Accordingly, 20 raters scored the oral performances produced by 200 students and a quantitative design using a MANOVA test was used to investigate students’ score differences of various levels of langua...

The shift of emphasis away from written to oral skills has stimulated an incipient concern in second language research to investigate ways of helping second and foreign language learners achieve higher degrees of oral proficiency. Priority solely taken over accuracy, complexity, or fluency of speech might be justifiable with regard to the context in which learning takes place.  Accuracy and com...

Research on pre-task planning has revealed that planned conditions have produced more fluent and complex language than unplanned conditions. To date, most of these studies have investigated the effects of individual planning on language production while collaborative planning has received scant attention. To determine the effects of pre-task planning on second language written production, the p...

Abstract This special issue focuses on measuring language complexity. The contributions address methodological challenges, discuss implications for theoretical research, and use complexity measurements testing claims. In this introductory article, we explain what knowledge can be gained from quantifying We then describe a workshop shared task which were our attempt to develop systematic approac...

This paper examines the question of linguistic complexity in two shift ecologies northeastern Russia. It is frequently claimed that language results simplification across a range domains grammars shifting speakers ( Campbell and Muntzel 1989 ; Dorian O’Shannessy 2011 ). We challenge breadth this claim, showing while there are undoubtedly patterns can be described as some grammatical domain, ove...