Abstract. We present a set of observations on meltwater meandering rivulets ice and compare them (qualitatively quantitatively) to morphologies commonly found in channels different media. The include data from planned centimeter-scale experiments incidental self-formed millimeter-scale rivulets. Our show pulsed lateral migration features, undercut banks overhangs, meander bend skewness, cutoffs...

Geographic information is based on observations or measurements. The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) has developed an implementation specification for observations and measurements (O&M). It specifies precisely how to encode information. Yet, the O&M conceptual model does not specify precisely which real-world entities are denoted by the specified information objects. We provide formal semanti...