The current study used the Space Fortress game (Donchin, 1989) to study the effects of training and instruction in acquisition of complex skills. The game requires flexible coordination of perceptual, cognitive and motor components in a dynamically changing environment. We examined whether effective instruction can be developed for such a task in the same way that instruction is developed for a...

This study investigates the depth of lexical knowledge in first language (L1) speakers and second language (L2) learners in reference to hierarchical word knowledge. Eighty-eight participants took part in a lexical decision task that assessed their speed and accuracy in recognizing words and nonwords. Prime and target pairs in the lexical decision task were related words (hyponynm to hypernym a...

Background: L1 retrotransposons are the most active mobile DNA elements in human genome. Unregulated L1 retrotransposition may have deleterious effect by disrupting vital genes and inducing genomic instabilities. Therefore, human cells control L1 elements by silencing their activities through epigenetic mechanisms. It has been shown that cell division and heavy metals stimulate the frequency of...

Standard Principal-Component Analysis (PCA) is known to be very sensitive to outliers among the processed data. On the other hand, in has been recently shown that L1-norm-based PCA (L1-PCA) exhibits sturdy resistance against outliers, while it performs similar to standard PCA when applied to nominal or smoothly corrupted data. Exact calculation of the K L1-norm Principal Components (L1-PCs) of ...

Many studies have explored the second language (L2) acquisition of relative clauses (RCs) and whether L2 speakers transfer a resumptive strategy from first (L1) to L2. While evidence seems suggest that there are significant L1–L2 differences in processing RCs, relatively little is known about source non-target-like behaviour. The present study investigates grammatical acceptability different RC...

background: l1 retrotransposons are the most active mobile dna elements in human genome. unregulated l1 retrotransposition may have deleterious effect by disrupting vital genes and inducing genomic instabilities. therefore, human cells control l1 elements by silencing their activities through epigenetic mechanisms. it has been shown that cell division and heavy metals stimulate the frequency of...