Central Asia is a vast geographic region that includes five former Soviet Union republics: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The region has a unique infectious disease burden, and a history that includes Silk Road trade routes and networks that were part of the anti-plague and biowarfare programs in the former Soviet Union. Post-Soviet Union biosurveillance resea...

along with breakdown of soviet :union:, political geographical system as well as meaning construction of central asia and caucasus changed dramatically. thus new structure, necessities, and actors have emerged in relations between iran and countries locating in caucasus. one of these countries is azerbaijan. iran-azerbaijan relationship is of high significance from different aspects. after azer...

Thanks to increasing globalization, both West and Islamic ideas are finding new adherents among young people in Central Asia, though an “Asian” identity is not developing, at least not yet. The changes are happening so quickly, it is hard to say whether one set of ideas will prevail or if the result will be a new amalgam. G defined as an increase in the volume and intensity of flows—of goods, f...

BACKGROUND HIV incidence in Central Asia is rising rapidly. People who inject drugs (PWIDs) contribute greatest to the epidemic, with more than a quarter of all HIV cases being in the criminal justice system (CJS). This review assembled and aggregated recent data on drug-related health problems and respective healthcare services in the CJS of Central Asia and the Republic of Azerbaijan. METHO...

BACKGROUND Main treatable Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRDs) like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Bronchial Asthma (BA) and Allergic Rhinitis (AR) are underdiagnosed and undertreated worldwide. CORE study was aimed to assess the point prevalence of COPD, BA and AR in the adult population of major cities of Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries - Azerbaijan, Kazakhsta...

BACKGROUND Criminal victimisation and subjective well-being have both been linked to health outcomes, although as yet, comparatively little is known about the relationship between these two phenomena. In this study we used data from nine countries of the former Soviet Union (fSU) to examine the association between different types of crime and subjective well-being. METHODS Data were obtained ...

The aim of this study is to cluster the most widely used public debt management tools peculiar EECCA (Eastern Europe, Caucasus, and Central Asia) markets. Overall, results show that volume countries’ relative GDP declined from 2000 2015. However, as their enhanced after 2016 until 2020, inclusive, need choose proper for its intensified. main cause in countries state budget deficit (Kazakhstan, ...

background: evaluating the malaria status of the economic cooperation organization (eco) member countries relation to goal 6 of 3rd millennium development goals (mdgs) which includes have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria. methods: by 2009, we reviewed the mdgs reports, extracted the data from surveillance system, published, and unpublished data. the main stakeholders...

BACKGROUND The prospects for global tuberculosis control in the near future will be determined by the effectiveness of the response of countries to their burden of multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistance to, at least, isoniazid and rifampicin) tuberculosis. During the 2009 World Health Assembly, countries committed to achieve universal access to MDR-tuberculosis care by 2015. We assessed the progr...

As in most industrialized countries, sex ratios in the Soviet Union revealed little evidence of son preference: sex ratios at birth fluctuated around the biological norm of 1.05 males to females in the western republics as well as in the more traditional, less industrialized republics in Central Asia and the Caucasus. This is as expected in light of the Soviet state’s longstanding efforts to pr...