The kynurenine pathway is a major route of L-tryptophan catabolism producing neuroactive metabolites implicated in neurodegeneration and immune tolerance. We characterized the kynurenine pathway in human neurons and the human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cell line and found that the kynurenine pathway enzymes were variably expressed. Picolinic carboxylase was expressed only in primary and some adult n...

HE vermilion (U) mutants of Drosophila melanogaster are characterized by the absence of brown pigment in the eye and hence the mutant phenotype is a bright scarlet eye color. At the biochemical level, this phenotype is a result of the absence of tryptophan pyrrolase, the enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of tryptophan to formylkynurenine ( BAGLIONI 1960; KAUFMAN 1962; MARZLUF 1965). Tryptop...

The tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway plays the most essential role in tryptophan metabolism, producing various endogenous bioactive molecules. activation of is linked to pathogenesis a wide range diseases. calibration levels and ratio kynurenines has been attempted search biomarkers diagnostic targets. This editorial introduces biosystems close interaction with kynurenine system potentia...

ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2) is involved in the secretion of several compounds milk. The vitro and vivo interactions between tryptophan-related ABCG2 were investigated. tryptophan metabolome was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry milk plasma from wild-type Abcg2?/? mice as well dairy cows carrying Y581S polymorphism (Y/S) noncarrier animals (Y/Y). milk-t...

Depression is a debilitating condition with a profound impact on quality of life for millions of people worldwide. Physical exercise is used as a treatment strategy for many patients, but the mechanisms that underlie its beneficial effects remain unknown. Here, we describe a mechanism by which skeletal muscle PGC-1α1 induced by exercise training changes kynurenine metabolism and protects from s...

KFase (kynurenine formamidase), also known as arylformamidase and formylkynurenine formamidase, efficiently catalyses the hydrolysis of NFK (N-formyl-L-kynurenine) to kynurenine. KFase is the second enzyme in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. A number of intermediates formed in the kynurenine pathway are biologically active and implicated in an assortment of medical conditions, i...

BACKGROUND The interplay between Candida species and pattern recognition receptors, interleukins, kynurenine, and T cells has been studied in murine and ex vivo human studies, but data are lacking from patients with invasive fungal infections. Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) is considered an important component in host defense against Candida infections and is modulated by Candida-induced impairment o...

Physical exercise has emerged as an alternative treatment for patients with depressive disorder. Recent animal studies show that exercise protects from depression by increased skeletal muscle kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) expression which shifts the kynurenine metabolism away from the neurotoxic kynurenine (KYN) to the production of kynurenic acid (KYNA). In the present study, we investigat...

The presence in brain of kynurenine, the first major metabolite of tryptophan on the pathway initiated by the liver enzyme. tryptophan pyrrolase, has recently been reported Since an enzyme capable of forming kynur-enine from tryptophan is present in brain (Gal, 1974; Hayaishi, 1976) it is of interest to study the penetration of kynurenine to the brain following peripheral administration. Periph...

Increased kynurenine pathway metabolism has been implicated in the etiology of AIDS dementia complex (ADC). The rate-limiting enzyme for this pathway is indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). We tested the efficacy of different strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV1-BaL, HIV1-JRFL, and HIV1-631) to induce IDO in cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). A significant increase ...