Psychological contract is one of the most well-known terms in the field of human resources management. Used by many as an analytical tool to describe the employment relationship or a theoretical platform to understand employee responses to workplace changes, it is nonetheless an intriguing theme. Going through the relevant literature, the paper focuses not only on the internal working of the ps...

Author details Department of Biostatistics, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK. Alder Hey Children’s NHS FT, East Prescott Road, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK. Professor in Paediatric Endocrinology & Honorary Consultant, Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. Department of Biochemistry, Alder Hey Children’s NHS FT, East...

Hodrick and Prescott (1997) proposed a smoothing method for economic time series that is very similar to graduation, it is usually known as the H-P method. They acknowledged that this method is equivalent to graduation methods and that it had been in use among actuaries. The literature on smoothing methods based on their approach grew separately from the graduation literature, due to the useful...

The irregular and slope disturbances, εt and ζt, respectively, are mutually independent and the notation NID(0, σ2) denotes normally and independently distributed with mean zero and variance σ2. The signal-noise ratio, q = σ2 ζ/σ 2 ε , plays the key role in determining how observations should be weighted for prediction and signal extraction. The higher is q, the more past observations are disco...

Tables A-1 and A-2 explain how data are derived from futures prices. Panels are based on the following periods: 6/10/88-11/9/88, 1/22/92-11/4/92, 6/21/94-11/9/94, 1/2/96-11/6/96, 2/3/9811/4/98, 1/3/00-11/10/00, 7/20/02-11/6/02. These periods start on the first day in which at least one bond futures price and one election futures contract price are observed within the year of the election and th...