The article deals with the history of contacts between mountain peoples Caucasus and Kurds Ottoman Empire Persia in 18th - 19th centuries. Using diplomatic other official documents, as well memoirs summarizing results previous studies, analyzes dynamics characteristics these context geopolitical rivalry several empires region. proximity Dagestan Kurdistan, their location at crossroads merchants...

background: previous studies have revealed significant differences between populations for genotypic frequencies of glutathione s-transferase t1 ( gstt1 ) and m1 ( gstm1 ) polymorphisms. in order to find the frequency of the null genotypes of gstm1 and gstt1 in iranian populations, the present study was carried out. methods: the total study subjects consisted of 1340 unrelated healthy muslims/i...

This study explored the role of secondary transfer effects (STEs) to test whether and how contact between advantaged Turks disadvantaged Kurds may shape support for rights Syrian refugees. We investigated dimensions contact, positive versus negative, a historically group (Turks, n = 300) (Kurds, 127), extend novel outgroup (Syrian refugees) via attitude generalization as function perceived thre...

BACKGROUND It is well established that ABO and rhesus (Rh) genes and phenotypes vary widely between ethnic groups and both within and between geographical areas. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups in Kurds and to compare it with those of other populations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study included blood grouping of total population of 53,234 whose...

In October 2005, the authors organized a workshop in Sofia Bulgaria for prominent members of the Turkish academy and NGO community. At the workshop, several scenarios detailing how the Kurdish question in Turkey might evolve over the next 10-15 years were discussed. The article draws on those discussions to present and analyze a series of scenarios on the Kurdish question in Turkey. A scenario ...

place in areas once dominated by the Soviet Union. Germany has been reunited, the Baltic states have reappeared, and numerous new nations, most without any independent existence in the modern era, have been established. In Yugoslavia, a bloody war has carved states out of a multiethnic nation. Similar changes are occurring around the world. Palestinians are negotiating with Israel for an autono...

The 10th AD century (4th AH) was considered a summit development of the Islamic civilization, one these developments science countries. At this period, two person knowledgeable about countries, (Ibn Ḥawqal) and (al-Maqdisī) were contributed to with samples most notable books titled (Ṣūrat al-’Arḍ) (Ahsan Al-taqasim Fi Maʻrifat Al-aqalim), respectively. Additionally, became reference obtaining p...