A crucial problem of knowledge representation is that it has to be formal and informal at the same time. Here, ‘formal’ refers to knowledge as a mathematical concept which is thought, and ‘informal’ to knowledge as something which is experienced, i.e. a ‘real’ world phenomenon. This paper is an attempt to reconcile these potentially contradictory conditions. Our aim is to show that a cognitivel...

With the advent of Web 2.0 technology, message transmission has become increasingly convenient, and the rising amount of information has become gradually diverse. A question must be asked of this trend, on whether informal learning resources can be integrated into formal learning knowledge. This study attempts to integrate educational blog articles and use the wealth of information inherent in ...

this paper reports on the results of a research carried out during 1993-94 aiming at studying street sellers as an informal sector activity and a source of socio-economic problems in shiraz, iran. this study makes use of two logit models in order to present a unified framework depiciting the factors that seem to affect the developmeht of informal sector activities. the first model looks at thos...

in recent years, coinciding with the progress of research in the field of knowledge management and emphasis on the integrating processes of knowledge creation and sharing, global corporations working patterns change and new structures in them emerged.one of such structures, communities of practice that to form the fundamental with previous forms (working groups and working teams) is different.c...

Abstract Background Developing pre-service educators’ content and pedagogical knowledge is critical for providing high-quality instruction in science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM) disciplines. Specifically, (PCK) has been identified as one of the most critically needed research areas within engineering education. However, limited exists on PCK education contexts. Therefore, this ...