BACKGROUND Patient information leaflets (PILs) are often used to reinforce and provide further information relating to treatment choices, risks, and alternatives. An assessment of the quality of commonly used orthodontic patient information leaflets is lacking. METHODS A cross-sectional assessment of patient information leaflets from two international orthodontic societies was undertaken. The...

Fundamentals of materials represent a core subject at engineering universities dealing with various construction materials. The study the discipline and acquiring knowledge demand properly designed manual. Apart from content, manual authors should pay attention to way they compose text. Different tools are applied assess quality (its difficulty, complexity, readability). Readability formulae pl...

SIR,-Drs. Priscilla Kincaid-Smith and A. S. P. Hua are disturbed (24 August, p. 520) by our suggestion that beta-adrenergic blocking agents should not be used in patients with moderately severe renal failure (27 April, p. 193). They refer to a previous publication' to show that temporary deterioration in renal function in such patients may occur with the introduction of any hypotensive drug. Th...

IT SEEMS likely from human and animal studies (Kincaid-Smith, 1967; Abrahams & Levin, 1967; Kincaid-Smith, Saker & McKenzie, 1968) that kidney damage resulting from a high analgesic intake in man and in animals can be explained on the basis of papillary necrosis followed by subsequent atrophy of adjacent cortical tissue. This concept makes it much easier to understand the possible mechanisms wh...

This paper is the next installment in a series (Sobieszczanski-Sobieski et al. 1998, Kincaid et al. 2000, 2001, 2002 and Plassman and Sobieszczanski-Sobieski 2000) that has introduced a variant of the Genetic Algorithm in which the reproduction mechanism was modified to base it on the Gaussian probability distribution, the bell curve. The bell-curve based (BCB) heuristic procedure, first presen...

Gangliogliomas are rare tumors and the two papers by Patel et al and Kincaid et al along with my and other accompanying commentaries in this issue of the American Journal of Neuroradiology cover most of the facts a radiologist would need to know. I was invited to comment on the potential usefulness of scintigraphy (FDG PET or Tl-SPECT) in the evaluation of these tumors. The clinical behavior of...

Introduction: Textbooks are essential component of the educational system that were heavily utilized by teachers and learners. Basic Science textbook authors should review language structure terminologies to enhance readability textbooks. Purpose: The study aimed at analyzing adequacy in level recommended textbooks use junior secondary schools Enugu State, Nigeria. Methodology: An evaluation re...