This study investigates the impact of monetary policy on balance of payments (BOP) adjustment in Nigeria within the periods, 1980-2015. The study used the bound testing approach to show the relationship that exists among monetary policy variables (money supply, domestic credit, inflation and exchange rate), output growth, and trade balance and BOP adjustment in Nigeria. The study shows that the...

There is controversy about whether a monetary union is feasible in the East Asian region. Amongst the criteria for establishing a monetary union, most of the existing studies focus on the symmetric issue of fundamental shocks and the extent of correlations by applying the Blanchard and Quah (1989) structural vector autoregression (VAR) technique, which includes the firstdifferenced variables in...

there are different ideas and opinions about the effects of macroeconomic variables on real and nominal variables. to answer the question of whether changes in macroeconomic variables as a political tool is useful over a business cycle, understanding the effect of macroeconomic variables on economic growth is important. in the present study, the bayesian vector autoregresive model and seasonali...

abstract this study uses annual data over the period 2005-2014 and the panel vecm approach to examine financial inclusion and monetary policy effectiveness in africa. the study shows that financial inclusion and monetary policy effectiveness are linked by a set of long-run relationships. policy reaction to the positive financial inclusion shock is not significant. policy reaction to the positiv...

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the choice between an exchange rate target and an inflation target for Norway. The paper also contains a brief discussion of the objectives of monetary policy and of an optimal delegation of monetary policy in a representative democracy, which serves to place this choice in a broader context. 1 Monetary policy goals Let me start from the presumption that ...

The policy innovations that followed the recent Great Recession, such as unconventional monetary policies, prompted renewed interest in the question of how to measure the e¤ectiveness of such policy interventions. To test policy e¤ectiveness requires a model to construct a counterfactual for the outcome variable in the absence of the policy intervention and a way to determine whether the di¤ere...

In standard macroeconomic models incorporating the natural rate hypothesis and rational expectations, monetary policy has no effect on real variables. But the rational expectations assumption that economic agents have learned from their mistaken predictions of the past ignores the transition period during which new information is combined with old information in the formation of new beliefs. Th...

The optimal weights on indicators in models with partial information about the state of the economy and forward-looking variables are derived and interpreted, both for equilibria under discretion and under commitment. An example of optimal monetary policy with a partially observable potential output and a forward-looking indicator is examined. The optimal response to the optimal estimate of pot...