A hierarchical framework is proposed to address the issues of modeling different type of words in keyword spotting (KWS). Keyword models are built at various levels according to the availability of training set resources for each individual word. The proposed approach improves the performance of KWS even when no training speech is available for the keywords. It also suggests an easier way to co...

boolean byte class double else extends final finally float if implements int interface long native new private public return short static super synchronized this throw throws transient try void volatile while ( ) [ ] { } ; , . = Figure 1: Java keywords.

In the sales law of most countries the duration of the buyer’s claim for remedies is cut off by a statute of limitations. The present article argues that there is a rationale for cutting off the buyer’s claim, and also determines the optimal length of the cut-off period. Essentially, allowing claims strengthens the seller’s incentive to provide goods of durable quality, but may lead the parties...

Vehicular networks are useful technique to establish communication using vehicles. Vehicular Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are emerging technology which provides communication among mobile nodes at low cost. In DTN nodes carry data packets till it does not find any neighbor and forwards data to any node moving around other as early as it encounters and agrees to accept that data packet for for...

In [1] the use of VCG in matching markets is motivated by saying that in order to compute market clearing prices in a matching market, the auctioneer needs to know the true valuations of the bidders. Hence VCG and corresponding personalized prices are proposed as an incentive compatible mechanism. The same line of argument pops up in several lecture sheets and other documents related to courses...