Conducting polymers as a class of materials can be used to build a diverse range of devices. Conducting polymer based actuators (muscles), transistors (neurons), strain gages (muscle spindles), force sensors (Golgi tendon organs), light emitting diodes, photodetectors (eyes), batteries and supercapacitors (energy storage), and chemical sensors (noses) can all be manufactured. The range of behav...

This report focuses on recent developments using bipolar electrochemistry as an effective tool for the fabrication of gradient polymer surfaces. The electrochemical doping and reactions of conducting polymers under an applied potential distribution using bipolar electrodes have been carried out to prepare conducting polymers with composition gradients. Indirect electrolysis using an electrogene...

Conducting polymers have emerged as potential candidates for biosensors. Due to their straightforward preparation methods, unique properties, and stability in air, conducting polymers have been applied to energy storage, electrochemical devices, memory devices, biosensors, and electro catalysts. Many research studies have been conducted on the use of conjugated polymers in the construction of c...

A new method for the synthesis of water soluble Polyaniline (PANi) using Hemin Chloride (H.C) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H.P) is presented. Hemin chloride is an effective catalyst for the oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of hydrogen peroxide at room temperature. The UV- Vis absorption spectra of the product show a distinct absorption peak at 430 nm in pH 4.0 b...

During cyclic actuation, conducting polymer based artificial muscles are often creeping from the initial movement range. One of the likely reasons of such behaviour is unbalanced charging during conducting polymer oxidation and reduction. To improve the actuation reversibility and subsequently the long time performance of ionic actuators, we suggest using spray-coated carbon nanotube (CNT) carp...

In general, conducting polymers include electronically conducting polymers and ionically conducting polymers. Ionically conducting polymers are usually called polymer electrolytes. Electronically conducting polymers can also include conjugated conducting polymers and the insulating polymers blending with conducting materials. In this chapter, the conducting polymers are limited to conjugated co...