the two discourses with a focus on reza davari ardekani and abdolkarim soroush, were formed in iran’s society. soroush’s discourse, with religious interests influenced by islamic sources, poper’s philosophy of science, logic and epistemological accuracies of analytical philosophy and consciously liberalism, is looking for compatibility with modernity. the second discourse on reza davari ardakan...

Esmaeil Mortaz 1, , Mohammad Reza Masjedi , Soheila Matroodi , Atefeh Abedini , Arda Kiani , Dina Soroush , and Ian M. Adcock * 1 Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2 Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Masih Dane...

We consider flux compactification of type IIB string theory as the orientifold limit of an Ftheory on a Calabi-Yau fourfold. We show that when supersymmetry is dominantly broken by the axion-dilaton and the contributions of the F-terms associated with complex structure moduli are small, the Hessian of the flux potential always has tachyonic modes for de Sitter vacua. This implies that there exi...

This paper aims to figure out Nawawi al-Bantani and Muhammad al-‘Uthaimin about the heresy verses in Qur’an. research stems from problem of scholar’s views responses traditions that are considered heretical. From this controversy, article attempts analyze meaning Nawawi’s interpretation Marāḥ Labīd al-‘Uthaimin’s Tafsīr Qur’ān al-Karīm. These two works represent different religious schools regi...

This article examines a specific line of thinking shared by several contemporary reformist Iranian religious scholars who present arguments in favor freedom religion. Focusing on the ideas five prominent scholars—Abdolkarim Soroush (b.1945), Muhammad Mujtahed Shabestari (b.1936), Hasan Yousefi Eshkevari (b.1950), Mohsen Kadivar (b.1959), and Ahmad Qabel (d.2012)—the argues that these thinkers’ ...

The majority of models of inflation in string theory predict an absence of measurable gravitational waves, r << 10−3. The most promising proposals for making string theoretic models that yield measurable tensor fluctuations involve axion fields with slightly broken shift symmetry. We consider such models in detail, with a particular focus on the N-flation scenario and on axion valley/natural in...