BACKGROUND Administration of KA on rodents has resulted in seizures, behavioral changes, oxidative stress, and neuronal degeneration on selective population of neurons in the brain. The present study was undertaken to investigate the extent of neuroprotective effect conferred by Malaysian Tualang Honey (TH), an antioxidant agent, in the cerebral cortex of rats against KA-induced oxidative stres...

Objective: Kojic Acid (KA) is a natural substance which inhibits skin melanin production and, when used alone or in combination with other compounds, is effective in reducing pigmentation in melasma patients. KA was classified by IARC as presenting limited evidence of carcinogenicity based largely on a single study showing thyroid neoplasms. More recently KA has been shown to be carcinogenic in...

Kainic acid (KA) binds to the AMPA/KA receptors and induces seizures that result in inflammation, oxidative damage and neuronal death. We previously showed that cyclooxygenase-2 deficient (COX-2(-/-)) mice are more vulnerable to KA-induced excitotoxicity. Here, we investigated whether the increased susceptibility of COX-2(-/-) mice to KA is associated with altered mRNA expression and editing of...

Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized by the coprecipitation of iron salts in sodium hydroxide followed by coating separately with chitosan (CS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to form CS-MNPs and PEG-MNPs nanoparticles, respectively. They were then loaded with kojic acid (KA), a pharmacologically bioactive natural compound, to form KA-CS-MNPs and KA-PEG-MNPs nanocomposites, r...

The new Ka-band communications services require highly linear, high power amplifiers (HPAs). Traveling wave tube amplifiers (TWTAs) offer the best millimeter wave HPA performance in terms of power and efficiency, but are inferior to solid state power amplifiers (SSPAs) in linearity. This paper discusses techniques for improving millimeter wave HPA linearity. The significance and methods for eva...

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has been involved in the development of mobile satcom technologies for more than ten years. The initial work was performed at L-band (1.5 -1.6 GHz), and included system studies and analysis, subsystem and full terminal development, and culminated in numerous field experiments and demonstrations ...

BACKGROUND The incidence of Kala Azar (KA), a neglected tropical infectious disease, describes the pattern of disease, but is not principally concerned with explaining its causes. The transmission of the infectious diseases is determined by the complex interactions between environmental and socioeconomic factors. Environmental factors are predicted to have a significant impact on disease transm...

Kainate (KA) receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) exhibit slow kinetics at the great majority of synapses. However, native or heterologously expressed KA receptors exhibit rapid kinetics in response to agonist application. One possibility to explain this discrepancy is that KA receptors are extrasynaptic and sense glutamate diffusing from the synaptic cleft. We investigate...

Kainic acid (KA), a potent central excitotoxin, may elicit neuronal death via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study was undertaken to further characterize KA neurotoxicity and its relationship to ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction. Exposure of rat cerebellar granule neurons at 14 days in vitro to 0.5 mM KA for 30 min resulted in the death of 53% of cells 24 h ...