CCK is predominantly expressed in subsets of endocrine cells in the intestine and neurons in the brain. We evaluated the expression of a CCK gene construct in transgenic mice and cultured cells to identify a genomic region that directs correct tissue- and cell-specific expression in enteroendocrine cells. The CCKL1 transgene contained 6.4 kb of mouse Cck fused to lacZ. Expression was evaluated ...

This paper investigates whether the impact of children on labor market outcomes women relative to men—child penalties—can be explained by biological links between mother and child. We estimate child penalties in adoptive families using event studies around arrival almost 40 years adoption data from Denmark. Short-run are slightly larger for mothers than mothers, but their long-run virtually ide...

We conduct lab experiments to investigate demand for consumption agency in married couples from Pakistan. Most subjects are no better at guessing their spouse's preferences than those of a stranger, suggesting that individual executive has instrumental value. find significant evidence all experiments, varying with the cost and anticipated benefit agency. But often make choices incompatible pure...

We study the effect of unemployment on child maltreatment in the United States for the period 2004-12, at the county level. We use a new administrative dataset containing every report of child abuse and neglect made to the Child Protective Services, and identify the effect using a Bartik instrument. A one percentage point increase in the unemployment rate causes a 20 percent increase in neglect...

This paper analyzes how preferences for a noneconomic characteristic (e.g., caste) can affect equilibrium patterns of matching, and empirically evaluates this in the context of middle-class Indian arranged marriages. We show theoretically how the equilibrium consequences of caste depend on whether preferences are towards one’s own group or for “marrying up.” We then estimate actual preferences ...

We examine the effect of single motherhood on children’s secondary school track choice using 12-year-old children drawn from the German Socio-Economic Panel. In line with previous studies for the U.S., the U.K. and Sweden, we find a negative correlation between single motherhood and children’s educational attainment. Looking for alternative explanations for this correlation, we use probit regre...

This paper presents a new framework to analyze the effects of some economics factors on the U.S. distribution of wages. The paper seeks to specifically find the contributing factors of wage inequality and show how differently these factors influence wage dynamics at various points of the distribution. This paper provides valuable information of where in the wage distribution dynamics these fact...

I examine the effect of marriage penalties in the US income tax system on marital status. I construct a simulated instrument that exploits variation in the tax code over time and between US states to deal with potential endogeneity between the marriage penalty a couple faces and their marital status. I find that a $1000 increase in the marriage penalty faced reduces the probability of marriage ...

Substitution Effects in Parental Investments The paper estimates how parents adjust bride-prices and land divisions to compensate their sons for differences in their schooling investments in rural China. The main estimate implies that when a son receives one yuan less in schooling investment than his brother, he will obtain 0.7 yuan more in observable marital and post-marital transfers as parti...

We study the alternating-offers bargaining problem of assigning an indivisible and commonly valued object to one of two players in return for some payment to the other. The players are asymmetrically and imperfectly informed about the object’s value and have veto power over any settlement. There is no depreciation during the bargaining process which involves signalling of private information on...