the main purpose of this study is to survey challenges and problems of home business cooperatives (hbcs). the study population of this research consists of all the hbc members in hamedan province in 2011-2012 (n=80), which have been thoroughly surveyed. the instrument for collecting data was a questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was establish...

Introduction: Now a day, resulting from life style modification and alteration, fatigue, as a consequence, is not uncommon symptom. Diverse tools are available to measure fatigue status. One of which is Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Treatment (FACIT) fatigue scale. The FACIT is one of the most widely used questionnaires for screening fatigue. The questionnaire has been translated and...

Introduction: The Questionnaire for Olfactory Dysfunction (QOD) is a self-reporting olfactory-related quality of life questionnaire. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the Persian version of this questionnaire. Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirteen patients with olfactory problems were enrolled in this study. The English version of the QOD was first...

unemployment among rural youth and agriculture graduates has increased in recent years and has caused a variety of challenges in social and economic fields and having the entrepreneurial spirit could facilitate the solving problem process. therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting the development the farmer's entrepreneurial spirit. statistical population of thi...

introduction: the every possible attempt in voice disorders assessment is to gather samples which represent individual s’ actual voice in the daily speech. the researchers have found that voice characteristics in reading a passage are closer to daily speech. making texts has been started since early 20th century. the lack o f suitable text in farsi language makes it difficult to conduct requisi...

The main purpose of this study was to identify and analyze factors affecting development of entrepreneurship in complementary and processing industries of citrus products at Khouzestan province, Iran. The Statistical population of this study consisted of all managers in processing and complementary industries of citrus products in Khouzestan province (N=89). By census method all managers were s...

objective: we measured concept of bridging social capital by a new tool . all items used in the scale are in agreement with the theoretical literature on this concept. method: the research method was survey. the sample population was 376 students of isfahan university which were sampled through cluster sampling of multiple stages. after making a list and confirming the validity of questions by ...