We examine the role of founders as directors by examining executive compensation, CEO retention policies, and M&A decisions in firms where founders serve as a director with a nonfounder CEO (founder-director). We find that founder-director firms offer a different mix of incentives to their CEO than other firms. Pay for performance sensitivity for non-founder CEOs in founder-director firms is al...

In most dicot plants, lateral root (LR) formation, which is important for the construction of the plant root system, is initiated from coordinated asymmetric cell divisions (ACD) of the primed LR founder cells in the xylem pole pericycle (XPP) of the existing roots. In Arabidopsis thaliana, two AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (ARFs), ARF7 and ARF19, positively regulate LR formation through activation of...

Gastroenterology in India started developing as a specialty in the sixties. The Indian Society of Gastroenterology (ISG) was formed in 1960 with Maj.Gen.Amir Chand as the Founder-President and Dr. H K Chuttani as the Founder-Secretary. This was just two years after the foundation of OMGE, the World Gastroenterology Organization, on May 29, 1958, the last day of the first World Congress of Gastr...

This article explores whether new firms managed by founder-chief executive officers (CEOs) are more likely to survive than those successor-CEOs in times of crisis. Drawing on the concept ‘resilience’ adversity, we argue that founder-CEOs increase likelihood firm survival, especially Using a sample Japanese founded during 2003–2010 period, examine impact founder-CEO succession survival. The anal...

The objective of this study was to describe changes in genetic diversity in a colony of dog guides since its founding. Two breeds, German Shepherds (GS) and Labrador Retrievers (LR), were evaluated. Data were pedigrees of 4,699 GS and 3,573 LR dogs bred for use as guides by The Seeing Eye, Inc., Morristown, NJ. Rapid increases in average pairwise numerator relationships occurred in both breeds,...

The authors investigated the effect of founders’ human capital on the performance of their small firms. In our model, founder human capital had two dimensions: (1) level of education and (2) industry managerial experience. The authors hypothesized that higher levels of founder education and more years of founder industry managerial experience led to better firm performance. A survey of founder-...

undoubtedly the founder of any knowledge is who laid the cornerstone of that. on the base of many narratives, imam ali (as) is the founder of arabic grammar who directed abul asvad addoali to expand arabic grammar. but some of modern scholars imitated some orientalists and on the base of a few narratives denied that the founder of arabic grammar is imam ali (as). they also refused to accept the...