BACKGROUND Similarities and differences on the nine-item and seven-item versions of painDETECT, a patient-reported screener to identify neuropathic pain (NeP), have not been psychometrically explored across NeP conditions. METHODS Scores on the nine-item painDETECT (seven pain symptom items, one pain course pattern item, one pain radiation item) range from -1 to 38; scores ≥19 indicate NeP is...

Most universities across Iran tend to develop English tests for placement, exit, achievement, and other purposes. Examining the various features of such tests is imperative for making informed decisions about learners’ achievement level. The present study examined the features of a university-wide administered English language achievement test at Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST)...

Pigeons were tested in a successive same-different (S/D) discrimination procedure to examine the short-term memory for individual items in sequences of different or identical pictures. Item-by-item analyses of pecking behavior within single trials revealed this S/D discrimination emerged at the earliest possible point in the sequence--the presentation of the second item. Further, by comparing p...

Multiple Choice tests are utilized widely in educational assessment because of their objectivity, ease of scoring, and reliability. This study aimed to compare IF and ID of MC vocabulary test items and attempted to find whether these indices are affected by the number of options. To this end, four 20 item stem equivalent vocabulary tests (3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-option MC) were administered to 194 (1...

We attempted to investigate the reason why the students got a worse grade in gross anatomy and the way how we can improve upon the teaching method since there were gaps between teaching and learning under recently changed integration curriculum. General characteristics of students and exploratory factors to testify the validity were compared between year 2011 and 2012. Students were asked to co...

Introduction. To select the best group, and to make a good decision, are of the most important worries of the health and medical education ministry and also all entrants in the residency test. Having and performing a reliable and good exam will reduce doubts to a great deal. Considering different scientific methods consist of (precisely review of curriculum by the designer committee, sampling o...