The properties of the Na+ current present in thalamocortical neurons of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus were investigated in dissociated neonate rat and cat neurons and in neurons from slices of neonate and adult rats using patch and sharp electrode recordings. The steady-state activation and inactivation of the transient Na+ current (INa) was well fitted with a Boltzmann curve (voltage o...

The persistent current (INaP) through voltage-gated sodium channels enhances neuronal excitability by causing prolonged depolarization of membranes. Nav1.3 intrinsically generates a small INaP, although the mechanism underlying its generation remains unclear. In this study, the involvement of the four domains of Nav1.3 in INaP generation was investigated using the tarantula toxin α-hexatoxin-Mr...

The pathogenic role of SOD1 mutations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was investigated using a zebrafish disease model stably expressing the ALS-linked G93R mutation. In addition to the main pathological features of ALS shown by adult fish, we found remarkably precocious alterations in the development of motor nerve circuitry and embryo behavior, and suggest that these alterations are pr...

Neurons from many brain regions display intrinsic subthreshold theta-resonance, responding preferentially to theta-frequency oscillatory stimuli. Resonance may contribute to selective communication among neurons and to orchestrate brain rhythms. CA1 pyramidal neurons receive theta activity, generating place fields. In these neurons the expression of perithreshold frequency preference is controv...

1. A study of the mode of combination which takes place between certain amino acids, proteins, various carboxylic acids, and certain sulfonic acids and manganous ions to form complexes is reported. 2. Three criteria for complex formation were used: (a) the equilibrium between the substance under test and manganous ions dissolved in aqueous buffered solution and isonitrosoacetophenone dissolved ...

Article history: Received on: 04/08/2015 Revised on: 07/09/2015 Accepted on: 24/09/2015 Available online: 12/11/2015 The present study was designed to produce novel hydrazine and evaluate their biological properties including antioxidant, antityrosinase and antimutagenic. 4-allyloxybenzoyl hydrazine (1) reacts with 5-acetyl-1,3-dimethyl barbituric acid (2) and 2-Isonitrosoacetophenone (3) in th...

In many principal brain neurons, the fast, all-or-none Na+ spike initiated at the proximal axon is followed by a slow, graded after depolarization (ADP). The spike ADP is critically important in determining the firing mode of many neurons; large ADPs cause neurons to fire bursts of spikes rather than solitary spikes. Nonetheless, not much is known about how and where spike ADPs are initiated. W...

Breathing is a vital rhythmic behavior generated by hindbrain neuronal circuitry, including the preBötzinger complex network (preBötC) that controls inspiration. The emergence of preBötC network activity during prenatal development has been described, but little is known regarding inspiratory neurons expressing pacemaker properties at embryonic stages. Here, we combined calcium imaging and elec...

Isonitrosoacetophenone (INAP, 2-keto-2-phenyl-acetaldoxime) is a novel inducer of plant defense. Oxime functional groups are rare in natural products, but can serve as substrates depending on existing secondary pathways. Changes in the metabolomes of sorghum and tobacco cells treated with INAP were investigated and chemometric tools and multivariate statistical analysis were used to investigate...