Neuropeptide Y (NPY), whose role in appetite regulation is well known, is also expressed in pancreatic islets. Although previous studies indicated that application of NPY to pancreatic islets inhibits insulin secretion, its physiological role in the regulation of insulin secretion is not fully understood. We hypothesized that NPY in islets tonically suppresses insulin secretion and the reductio...

Insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells is pulsatile with a period of 5-10 min and is believed to be responsible for plasma insulin oscillations with similar frequency. To observe an overall oscillatory insulin profile it is necessary that the insulin secretion from individual beta-cells is synchronized within islets, and that the population of islets is also synchronized. We have recently...

Objective(s): JiangTangXiaoKe (JTXK) granule, a Chinese traditional herbal formula, has been clinically used and demonstrated to be beneficial in controlling high glucose and to relieve the symptoms of  Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients for decades. In this study, we explored how loganin, one of the components in JTXK granule, mediated the anti-diabetic effect.Materials and Methods: We generate...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) promotes insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon and repairs pancreatic islet cell function to enhance proliferation regeneration. Furthermore, it includes a mechanism for weight loss angiocarpy protection. This study covers the comparison of GLP-1 agonists with DPP-4 inhibitors GLT-2 inhibitors, agonists, its research possibilities based on summary current clinical...

Glucagon, a key hormone in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, acts as a counter-regulatory hormone to insulin by promoting hepatic glucose output. Under normal conditions, insulin and glucagon operate in concert to maintain the glucose level within a narrow physiological range. In diabetes, however, while insulin secretion or action is insufficient, the production and secretion of glucagon ...

OBJECTIVES Some pathologic situations such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome are associated with alternation in nitric oxide level. Incidence of these condition increases with aging. On the other hand, insulin secretion is modulated by nitric oxide, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity is also altered in diabetes. In this study, modification in the enzyme activity associated with aging and...

2014 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that represents a major socioeconomic burden worldwide; approximately 90–95% of patients are diagnosed as Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among the new cases of diabetes. Pancreatic islet β-cell failure is one of the key features of T2DM, which is resultant from chronic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, thus eventually leading to β-cell insulin secret...

OBJECTIVE Somatostatin (SST) is secreted by islet delta-cells and by extraislet neuroendocrine cells. SST receptors have been identified on alpha- and beta-cells, and exogenous SST inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion, consistent with a role for SST in regulating alpha- and beta-cell function. However, the specific intraislet function of delta-cell SST remains uncertain. We have used Sst(-/-...

Misregulated hormone secretion from the islet of Langerhans is central to the pathophysiology of diabetes. Although insulin plays a key role in glucose regulation, the importance of glucagon is increasingly acknowledged. However, the mechanisms that regulate glucagon secretion from α-cells are still unclear. We used pseudoislets reconstituted from dispersed islet cells to study α-cells with and...