Al Haram Al Shrif in Makkah is the holiest spot on the earth to Muslims. Every year about 14 million people are visiting the place from around the world, this number is increasing over the coming years. No author so far has been able to offer a fundamental study on its patterns, although there are many studies on Islamic patterns on other Islamic sites like Al Hambra and Al-Andolothia Mosque in...

the present study seeks to investigate the scientific products among the three countries of islamic republic of iran, turkey, and greece as they have entered the 3 rd millennium (during the years 2000-2008) upon the data obtained from isi web of knowledge. in the past, these nations had possessed original, rich, and great civilizations; moreover, these countries had had (and still have) borders...

the politics of shifting to the east, which is interpreted in the statements of turkish islamist politicians as ottomanism, is a newly emerged strategy which is essentially comprehensible in the connection with the history and identity of the ottoman era and the new regional and trans-regional role of turkey. the ideology of ottomanism not only implies the expansion of turkey’s influence on the...

background the lifestyle from the point of sociology refers to the way a person lives to one’s own ability but basically and due to its importance with health and wellness means choosing the best method for improving health aspects in one person’s life. lifestyle is discussed in different religious as well as several countries. objectives due to the importance of studying about lifestyle as a w...

Although the parliamentary elections run in Egypt in December 2011January 2012 indicated that Egypt is witnessing an era of political or democratic transformation, they signified the rise of political Islam to authority; the rise which created a lot of debates and posed a lot of questions about the political and economic future of Egypt. The core of these debates circles around these questions:...

Eduard Soler i Lecha opens the issue with an article discussing the outcome and shortcomings of the recent Euro-Mediterranean partnership summit meeting in November 2005. Michelle Pace uses the concept of normative power to examine critically the EU’s role in border conflicts in Cyprus and the Middle East, and between Greece and Turkey. The EU’s policy of promoting democracy in Palestine and it...