Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) family, an ancestral group of enzymes responsible for aldehyde detoxification in several organisms. The BADH enzyme catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine (GB) an important osmoptrotector and osmoregulator accumulated in response to cellular osmotic stress. The BADH enzymes h...

Insulin/Insulin-like growth factors play important roles in promoting proliferation, differentiation, growth and development of organisms. In this article, bioinformatics analysis was performed to locate and identify the Bombyx mori insulin-like peptide (BmILP) gene, which had two introns, three exons, and a predicted signal peptide at the front, and it also determined that BmILP was the same t...

Echinoderms are exclusively marine animals that, after the chordates, represent the second largest group of deuterostomes. Their diverse species composition and singular ecological niches provide at the same time challenges and rewards when studying the broad range of responses that make up their immune mechanisms. Two types of responses comprise the immune system of echinoderms: a cellular res...

The immune and neuroendocrine systems of invertebrates, as well as vertebrates, share a common pool of molecules that have been conserved throughout evolution. Now we add a new interface to this bidirectional interaction, demonstrating the involvement of the gut system, showing that these three systems use the same biologically active peptides.

For many years, the ISJ has been included within quaintly named “basket” of eight (Bo8) premier journals, an endeavour Association for Information Systems' (AIS) College Senior Scholars (CSS)1 to single out top journals in field Systems (IS). At its 2019 meeting Munich, concerns were expressed that Bo8's editorial boards insufficiently diverse and as a result CSS commissioned task force investi...

The local structure theory (G utowitz et al. ISJ) is an analyt ica l method for the determination of the statistical properties of cellular automaton evolution. In this paper we develop the local structure theory for mult i-dimens ional Euclidean lattices. The local st ructure theory for the Game of Life [1] is st udied in detail. Some statistica l properties of this cellular automaton are well...