Abstract This paper presents a detailed etymological analysis of words for ‘fox’ in Indo-European ( IE ) languages. We argue that most ‘fox’-words go back to two distinct PIE stems: * h₂lō̆p-eḱ - and ulp-i ‘wildcat, fox’. provide revised the etymology relationship among various Indo-Iranian ‘fox’-words, we Baltic preserves remnants ḱ -suffix found Greek, Armenian, Indo-Iranian. Additionally, des...

Abstract Traditionally, linguists have organized languages of the world as language families, such Indo-European, Dravidian and Sino-Tibetan. Within Indo-European family, they further into sub-families Germanic, Celtic Indo-Iranian. They do this by looking at similar-sounding words across commonality rules word formation sentence construction. In work, we make use computational approaches that ...

Iran and blogging. Most of us, when encountering the relationship between the two, would probably think about conservatism and the extent of repression in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Arrests of some prominent Iranian bloggers, such as Hussein Derakshan, popularised through the Western media would also spring to mind. But not many of us would know that Persian is one of the most used languages...

the study of internal structure and functions of pronouns across languages can be useful for typological, theoretical as well as descriptive studies. personal pronouns in iranian languages and dialects have been investigated in the present study. the study has indicated that the pronouns are in clitic as well as free morphemes. the study also indicated that the languages and dialects benefit fr...

This study focuses on (1) Turkic languages in the Altaic branch of Ural-Altaic language group Asian languages, and also (2) Kurdish Indo-Iranian dialects which are spoken Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, as well (3) English Germanic European group. The syntax-cases tenses investigated. Four simple tenses, namely present, present continuous, past future tense examined individually...

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BACKGROUND The WHOQOL-BREF is one of the best-known instruments that have been developed for cross-cultural comparisons of quality of life and currently it is available in more than 40 languages. Current study was done to provide: (1) the psychometrics properties of the Iranian version of WHOQOL-BREF and (2) the norm scores for satisfaction with life overall and satisfaction with specific Life ...

in middle persian (pahlavi), like many other languages, one aspect of subjunctive verbs in the present tense and the past tense is used, but the evidence in the literature that is available only from some syghhhay. middle persian is bound by the obligation kmkarbrdtr of past and present verb root is apparently limited to some of the material or ben hung verbs and auxiliary verb hād made. howeve...