The United States’ relations with Cuba are rooted in the US intervention in the process of Cuba’s independence from Spain in the 1890s. The US preserved its interest-based approach towards Cuba during the first half of the 20th century, which culminated in the Cuba’s counter-hegemonic revolution in 1959. This revolution led to more than fifty years of hostility between two countries, which took...

Since Iran’s revolution in 1979, relations between Washington and Tehran have been invariably fraught. The Trump presidency saw escalating tensions which the Biden administration has sought to moderate with uncertain results. This article locates contemporary events within a broader analysis of US policy towards Iran, for over four decades oscillated attempted rapprochement hostility short-of-w...

We have recently become aware that the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the US Department of the Treasury has imposed new sanctions against Iran. Regulation 560.538 provides that US persons should not handle publishing services for written publications (whether journals or books) if any of the authors of the manuscript are employed by the Government of Iran. The Government of Iran is ...

International power is under profound transition, marked by a move towards deep pluralism in the international system whereby range of middle powers have begun to stake greater claim regional power. This shift escalating struggle between United States and China. Both Beijing Tehran share strategic plan undermine US global hegemony, both encountered tensions, sanctions, pressures originating fro...

Passage of the African Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA) occurs at a time rising tensions between United States and China. Africa's growth development prospects depend on functioning stable multilateral trading system, but recourse to economic nationalism protectionism is increasingly undermining open global economy and, indeed, liberal international order which free fair trade depends. This a...