We studied the effects of ionization in a sonoluminescing (SL) bubble within the hydrodynamic framework. The thermodynamic variables and the degrees of ionization inside the bubble throughout an oscillation cycle are obtained by solving the hydrodynamic equations assuming spherical symmetry. Several models are used to compute the emitted radiation, which are then compared with experimental data...

A major limitation in quantitative analysis with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is represented by the so-called matrix effects in which the matrix coextracted with the analytes can alter the signal response, causing either suppression or enhancement, resulting in poor analytical accuracy, linearity, and reproducibility. In the direct electron ionization liquid chromatography...

Applying Gibb’s geometrical methods to the thermodynamics of H-plasmas we explore the landscape of the free energy as a function of the degrees of ionization and dissociation. Several approximations for the free energy are discussed. We show that in the region of partial ionization/dissociation the quantum Debye-Hückel approximation (QDHA) yields a rather good but still simple representation wh...

Published experimental photon and electron impact ionization cross sections of CH4 have been reviewed and analyzed. Absolute partial ionization oscillator strengths (fij) for CH4 , CH + 3 , CH + 2 , CH , H and H2 have been obtained. Electron impact ionization cross sections are recommended based on agreement between the oscillator strength values derived from photoionization and electron impact...

Abstract We review the semiclassical two-step model for strong-field ionization. The describes quantum interference and accounts ionic potential beyond perturbation theory. discuss formulation implementation of this model, its further developments, as well some applications. reviewed applications include holography with photoelectrons, multielectron polarization effects in ionization by an inte...

Silicon nanostructure surface fabricated from metal-assisted etching have been demonstrated as high sensitivity matrix-free laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry chip. The silicon nanostructure morphology was found to have direct effect to the mass spectrometry ionization efficiency. Creation of different silicon nanostructure morphologies by changing the metal thickness, etching time a...

introduction computed tomography scans are a very important tool for diagnosis and assessment of response to treatment in the practice of medicine. ionizing radiation in medical imaging is undoubtedly one of the most powerful diagnostic tools in medicine. yet, as with all medical interventions, there are potential risks in addition to the clear potential benefits. materials and methods two refe...