Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are widely used in clinical examinations. The mechanisms of ISEs have been studied to develop a disposable ISE for "dry chemistry" analyses. The behavior of Na+ and Ag+ in an ion-selective polymer liquid membrane (ISM) containing methyl monensin (MMO), which is selective for Na+, has been clarified by x-ray microanalysis and measurement of electrical potential. T...

The distributions of K, Na, Mg and Ca within frog ovarian and oviductal oocytes were studied by electron probe wavelength dispersive X-ray microanalysis. An important heterogeneity could be found both in nuclear and jelly coated oocytes. The highest K, Mg and, to a lesser extent, Na concentrations were found in the pigmented area of the peripheral cytoplasm. There is a certain correlation betwe...

In an attempt to synthesize a 2-substituted benzimidazole from the reaction of o-phenylenediamine and isophthalic acid in the presence of acetone and ethanol under microwave irradiation, a salt of the isophthalate ion and 2,2,4-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepin-5-ium ion was obtained. The condensation of two moles of acetone with the amine groups resulted in the formation of the benzod...

The analytical electron microscope (AEM) uses a high energy (>100 kV) beam of electrons to generate a range of signals from a thin foil sample as shown in figure la [1,2]. Various detectors are configured in the AEM to pick up most of the generated signals (fig. lb). Microanalysis is usually performed using the characteristic x-ray signal, detected by an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) alt...

Here we report the Si isotope compositions of four potential reference materials, including one fused quartz glass (Glass-Qtz), natural (Qinghu-Qtz), and two zircons (Qinghu-Zir Penglai-Zir), suitable for in-situ isotopic microanalysis. Repeated SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) analyses demonstrate that these materials are more homogeneous in isotopes (with spot-to-spot uncertainty 0.090-...

Imaging individual vacancies in solids and revealing their interactions with solute atoms remains one of the frontiers microscopy microanalysis. Here we study a creep-deformed binary Ni-2 at.% Ta alloy. Atom probe tomography reveals random distribution Ta. Field ion microscopy, contrast interpretation supported by density-functional theory time-of-flight mass spectrometry, evidences positive co...

Introduction The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been producing reference materials since the 1950s [1]. Over 50 materials have been developed to cover bulk rock, sediment, and soils for the geological community. These materials are used globally in geochemistry, environmental, and analytical laboratories that perform bulk chemistry and/or microanalysis for instrument calibration and quality ...

This article summarizes the basic principles of electron probe microanalysis, with examples of applications in materials science and geology that illustrate the capabilities of the technique. Handbook of instrumental techniques from CCiTUB Electron probe microanalysis