background: opioid analgesics are the mainstay of the treatment of postoperative pain. appropriate monitoring of patients receiving opioid analgesics is essential to detect those with side effects such as respiratory depression. the discovery of acetaminophen as a cox-3 variant may represent a primary central mechanism by which acetaminophen decrease pain. the aim of this study was to assess th...

Morphine administered nasally to humans as a simple solution is only absorbed to a limited degree, with a bioavailability of the order of 10% compared with intravenous administration. This article describes the development of novel nasal morphine formulations based on chitosan, which, in the sheep model, provide a highly increased absorption with a 5- to 6-fold increase in bioavailability over ...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the cost effectiveness of intravenous ketorolac compared with intravenous morphine in relieving pain after blunt limb injury in an accident and emergency department. DESIGN Double blind, randomised, controlled study and cost consequences analysis. SETTING Emergency department of a university hospital in the New Territories of Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS 148 adult pat...

BACKGROUND The feasibility and clinical implication of drug monitoring of morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) and morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) need further investigation. This study aimed to determine what predicts serum concentrations of morphine in cancer patients receiving continuously intravenous morphine, the relationships between serum concentration of morphine/its metabolites and urin...

Morphine is an opiate alkaloid characterized by various clinical effects, among which the most prominent are its analgesic and psychoactive effects. It also has a depressive effect on respiratory cardiovascular system. Because of effect, morphine very addictive often used as recreational narcotic. As medication, it found use agent in chronic pain treatment, hemorrhagic shock, acute heart failur...

BACKGROUND Many clinical and experimental studies have suggested that diabetes or hyperglycemia alter opioid responsiveness. However, little information is available on the effects of diabetes mellitus on opioid requirements in the postoperative period. METHODS Sixty-four patients scheduled for elective, total abdominal hysterectomy were included into this prospective study to evaluate the ef...

BACKGROUND Major surgical procedures, such as gastrectomy, result in extensive postoperative pain, which can lead to increased morbidity, discomfort and dissatisfaction among the patients. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding diclofenac suppositories or intravenous paracetamol, on morphine consumption and on the quality of postgastrectomy pain control. PATIE...

STUDY OBJECTIVE The objective was to quantify the analgesic effect of a dose of intravenous morphine, 0.1 mg/kg, to emergency department (ED) patients presenting in acute, severe pain. METHODS This was a prospective convenience cohort of patients aged 21 to 65 years and presenting to an academic urban ED with acute, severe pain. Patients rated their pain intensity on a validated 11-point verb...

BACKGROUND To determine the efficacy and safety of intravenous postoperative morphine titration in the elderly compared with younger patients. METHODS In the post-anaesthesia care unit, patients complaining of pain received morphine until adequate pain relief. Intravenous morphine was titrated as 3 mg boluses in young (age 65 yr) and 2 mg in elderly patients (>65 yr) every 5 min. RESULTS We...

BACKGROUND Although intravenous morphine is commonly used for the treatment of chest pain in patients presenting with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACS), its safety has not been evaluated. The CRUSADE Initiative is a nonrandomized, retrospective, observational registry enrolling patients with NSTE ACS to evaluate acute medications and interventions, inhospital outcomes...