frozen section and touch imprint cytology are important diagnostic procedures for surgeons during operation and must be accurate if the patient is to receive maximum benefit. to assess the accuracy of intraoperative pathologic consultation including frozen section and touch imprint cytology during a five year period (1995- 2000), a retrospective survey of 1000 consecutive cases of frozen sectio...

lymph node status remains an important prognostic indicator for survival in breast cancer. sentinel lymph node biopsy has become the standard method of assessment of clinically node negative breast cancers. economic implications as well as patient related factors have lead to the development a number of intra-operative techniques. review of the emerging trends in the last 4 years show that alth...

Geographic information is based on observations or measurements. The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) has developed an implementation specification for observations and measurements (O&M). It specifies precisely how to encode information. Yet, the O&M conceptual model does not specify precisely which real-world entities are denoted by the specified information objects. We provide formal semanti...

esophagogastric varices are a frequent complication of portal hypertension. bleeding from ectopic varices of the ileum is not only life-threatening, but its accurate diagnosis is also difficult. we have presented the case of a 31-year-old man with massive hematochezia. he was a known case of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension since 15 years prior. conventional examination that included angiograp...

John R. Campbell MD and I recently reported on two companion studies that we undertook to study the incidence, characteristics, surgical outcomes, and etiology of floppy irides during cataract surgery1. We named this condition the intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS). Based upon retrospective observations by Dr. Campbell regarding a possible association with tamsulosin (Flomax®, Boehringe...

Background and objectives:  Intraoperative blood transfusion is a common medical intervention worldwide. Although mostly lifesaving when indicated, inappropriate administration of intraoperative can be potentially life-threatening. The aim of this study was to analyze the most common surgery/invasive procedures requiring intraoperative transfusion and to determine indications for intraoperative...

background rhinoplasty is one of the most common surgeries of the plastic surgery and as well as ear, throat and nose. intra-operative bleeding during surgery is one of the most important factors that may impair the surgeon’s job. providing a clean blood-free surgical filed makes the operation faster, easier and with a better quality. one way to achieve this goal is to induce hypotension. this ...

The use of intraoperative sonography was analyzed in 24 patients with spinal dysraphism and syringohydromyelia in order to determine the role of real-time sonography in the surgical management of these patients. Specific diagnoses included tethered cord (nine), syringohydromyelia (seven), congenital tumor unassociated with a tethered cord (four), diastematomyelia (three), and occult sacral meni...

Most aeolian sediment transport models and experiments have been conducted on flat horizontal surfaces. Very little numerical or analytical research has been carried out for aeolian sand transport on slopes. The current work presents numerical modelling of saltating sand for a climbing dune which has a slope angle of 20”. The model utilised wind fields predicted from the FAA complex terrain mod...