BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The II Brazilian Consensus Conference on Mechanical Ventilation was published in 2000. Knowledge on the field of mechanical ventilation evolved rapidly since then, with the publication of numerous clinical studies with potential impact on the ventilatory management of critically ill patients. Moreover, the evolving concept of evidence - based Medicine determined the gr...

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of post-operative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after cardio-pulmonary bypass and association of pre-operative and intraoperative risk factors with incidence of PPCs. METHODS This study was an observational analysis of five hundred and seventeen (517) patients who underwent cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. Incidence of PPCs and risk factors o...

OBJECTIVES To create a state-of-the-art overview of the new and expanding role of ultrasonography in clinical decision-making, intervention and management of the upper and lower airways, that is clinically relevant, up-to-date and practically useful for clinicians. METHODS This is a narrative review combined with a structured Medline literature search. RESULTS Ultrasonography can be utilise...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether anaesthetised patients undergoing surgery could benefit from intraoperative protective ventilation strategies. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched up to February 2014. Eligible studies evaluated protective ventilation versus conventional ventilation in anaesthetised patients without lung injury at th...

Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is currently an acceptable approach to surgery in select patients. The correlation between the intraoperative position and presence of gravity-dependent atelectasis (GDA) has been well discussed. However, LLR performed left half lateral position, relationship this GDA remains unclear. We evaluated extent which affects GDA. Furthermore, univariate multivariate ...

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) needs a steep Trendelenburg position and a relatively high CO2 insufflation pressure, and patients undergoing RARP are usually elderly. These factors make intraoperative ventilatory care difficult and increase the risk of perioperative pulmonary complications. The aim was to determine the efficacy of recruitment manoeuvre (RM) on periop...