lead is one of the heavy metal that is very toxic for environment and organisms. lead can inhibits many physiological processes and it is so dangerous for body tissues. in this study, four groups of fish (carassius auratus) 35 in each, were used for experiment. group 1 was as control, in group 2 fishes were exposed to lead acetate at concentration of 8. 5 mg/l, fishes in group 3 and 4 were also...

The Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) protein p74 is associated with the occlusion-derived virus (ODV) envelope. p74 is essential for oral infectivity of ODV and has been proposed to play a role in midgut attachment and/or fusion. In this study, p74 protein was expressed in-frame with green fluorescent protein (GFP) to create a p74-GFP chimera. The C-terminal GFP por...

Baculovirus occlusion-derived virus (ODV) derives its envelope from an intranuclear membrane source. N-terminal amino acid sequences of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) envelope proteins, ODV-E66 and ODV-E25 (23 and 24 amino acids, respectively) are highly hydrophobic. Recombinant viruses that express the two N-terminal amino acid sequences fused to green fluoresce...

Background and Aims: The Inclusion Body Hepatitis disease (IBH) is one of the prevalent illnesses in our country these days and reported from different regions of Iran. In addition to its fatality, the importance of this disease is disturbing the vaccination program in poultry, especially broiler chickens, against other diseases like infectious bursal disease (IBD) and Newcastle disease (ND). T...

BACKGROUND We aimed to develop a quantitative assay to measure duck HBV (DHBV) DNA in single hepatocyte nuclei from DHBV-infected animals and to observe intranuclear DHBV DNA kinetics undergoing entecavir (ETV) therapy. METHODS DHBV DNA in isolated nuclei was amplified by quantitative real-time PCR. Liver tissues from chronically-infected ducks with or without ETV treatment were assessed. Cel...

Incorporation of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-related proteins including p62 into neuronal intranuclear inclusions (NIIs) has been reported in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. However, involvement of autophagy-specific proteins (NBR1 and LC3) in NIIs has not been mentioned. We immunohistochemically examined the brain of patients with Machado-Joseph disease (MJD; n=5), dentatorubral-pallidolu...

Tracking human poses in video can be considered as the process of inferring the positions of the body joints. Among various obstacles to this task, one of the most challenging is to deal with ‘self-occlusion’, where one body part occludes another one. In order to tackle this problem, a model must represent the self-occlusion between different body parts which leads to complex inference problems...

An Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus gene encoding an occlusion-derived virus (ODV) envelope protein of 56 kDa was identified and sequenced. Transcription initiates from a conserved baculovirus late motif (ATAAG) with transcripts detected from 16 through 72 hr p.i. The protein is detected in infected cell extracts from 36 hr p.i. Western blot assay of ODV, BV, viral envelope, an...