Background and aims. There are several known sedative drugs, with midazolam and ketamine being the most commonly used drugs in children. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intranasal and oral midazolam plus ketamine in children with high levels of dental anxiety. Materials and methods. A crossover double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 23 uncooperative children aged 3-6 (n...

Objective- The objective of the present study was to define electrocardiographic data following intranasal administration of diazepam, midazolam and xylazine with or without Ketamine in Chough. Design- To determine the heart effects of anesthetics in intranasal administration, an experimental in vivo study was employed. Animals- Ten healthy Choughs were examined in the current study...

Introduction Operation theatre environment, surgery and anaesthesia cause stress and anxiety. This can cause psychological disturbances, especially in children. Sedative and anxiolytic premedication have been used to prevent such outcomes. Intranasal route is least traumatic and easily accepted. Intranasal midazolam has been used for premedication in children. Objectives This study was undertak...

BACKGROUND Relieving preoperative anxiety is an important concern for the pediatric anesthesiologist. Midazolam has become the most frequently used premedication in children. However, new drugs such as the α(2) -agonists have emerged as alternatives for premedication in pediatric anesthesia. METHODS One hundred and twenty children scheduled for adenotonsillectomy were enrolled in this prospec...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Preprocedural preparation of children scheduled for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is challenging. This prospective, randomized trial compared intranasal midazolam with intranasal dexmedetomidine as premedication for children scheduled for brain MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, 60 children, aged 1-8 years, scheduled for elective brain MRI, were randomly assigned to th...

BACKGROUND Midazolam is the most commonly used premedication in children. It has been shown to be more effective than parental presence or placebo in reducing anxiety and improving compliance at induction of anesthesia. Clonidine, an alpha(2) agonist, has been suggested as an alternative. Dexmedetomidine is a more alpha(2) selective drug with more favorable pharmacokinetic properties than cloni...

Seizures in children are a frightening experience for families and care providers. Because the duration of seizure activity impacts on morbidity and mortality, effective methods for seizure control should be instituted as soon as possible, preferably before arrival at the hospital. Since parental methods of drug delivery are not available to most caregivers, and rectal diazepam, the most common...

OBJECTIVES Ketamine is a well-known analgesic and dose-dependent anesthetic used in emergency and disaster medicine. Recently, a new formulation of S-ketamine, as an intranasal spray, was developed and tested in our institution in healthy volunteers. The authors investigated the effect of intranasal S-ketamine spray combined with midazolam intranasal spray in postoperative spinal surgery patien...

We conducted this single blind randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacy and safety of oral chloral hydrate and intranasal midazolam for induction of sedation for computerized tomography scan of brain in children. Participants aged 1-10 years (n=60) were randomized to receive 100 mg/kg chloral hydrate orally with intra nasal normal saline OR intranasal midazolam 0.2 mg/kg with oral norm...