background: hepatitis b virus potentially accelerates graft rejection and mortality in renal transplantation population. vaccination of graft candidates without prior immunization against hbv seems essential before transplantation but some candidates of transplantation have not received hbv vaccine at the time of receiving graft. we aimed to evaluate immunogenicity of an enhanced regimen (4 dos...

pain in neonates can be associated with various risks and it seems essential to find a simple and acceptable method for relieving pain. pharmacologic agents are not recommended in neonates for pain relief in minor procedures but orally administered glucose solution is found to be effective. the objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of oral 30% glucose during intramuscular injection...

STUDY DESIGN Crossover. OBJECTIVES To compare the time required to decrease intramuscular temperature 8°C below baseline temperature, and to compare intramuscular temperature 90 minutes posttreatment, between 2 cryotherapy modalities. BACKGROUND Cryotherapy is used to treat pain from muscle injuries. Cooler intramuscular temperatures may reduce cellular metabolism and secondary hypoxic inju...

A 3-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency department with right lower limb pain, edema, and livedoid discoloration that occurred immediately after intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin. The patient was diagnosed with Nicolau syndrome, a rare complication of intramuscular injection presumed to be related to the inadvertent intravascular injection. It was first reported following ...

a 3-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency department with right lower limb pain, edema, and livedoid discoloration that occurred immediately after intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin. the patient was diagnosed with nicolau syndrome, a rare complication of intramuscular injection presumed to be related to the inadvertent intravascular injection. it was first reported following ...

background: hepatitis b virus is one of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases. vaccination is the best way of prophylaxis and is of utmost importance. this study was conducted to compare the prophylactic effect of intradermal and intramuscular injection of hepatitis b vaccine. methods: a blind randomized clinical trial was performed among subjects who presented to the infectious dise...

Systemic administration of beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonists (beta(2)-agonists) can improve skeletal muscle regeneration after injury. However, therapeutic application of beta(2)-agonists for muscle injury has been limited by detrimental cardiovascular side effects. Intramuscular administration may obviate some of these side effects. To test this hypothesis, the right extensor digitorum longus (EDL...