Body hydration and extra- to intra-cellular water ratio (ECW: ICW) have been studied in 12 duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients and 15 healthy controls. Subjects underwent total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) assessment by deuterium and bromide dilution, respectively. Multifrequency bioelectric impedance analysis (MFBIA) was performed on all subjects with the aim to establ...

This report describes the measurement of water preexchange lifetimes and intra/extracellular content in intact, functioning mammalian brain. Intra- and extracellular water magnetic resonance (MR) signals from rat brain in vivo were quantitatively resolved in the longitudinal relaxation domain following administration of an MR relaxation agent into the extracellular space. The estimated intracel...

Carboxylates, such as malate and citrate, are widely acknowledged to have a central role in plant metabolism. They are involved in the production of energy and its storage as well as contributing to the cellular osmolyte pool and participating in the regulation of cellular pH. As we discuss here, recent research has demonstrated the functional importance of carboxylate excretion into the soil, ...

Chronic and recurrent bone infections occur frequently but have not been explained. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is often found among chronic and recurrent infections and may be responsible for such infections. One possible reason is that S. aureus can internalize and survive within host cells and by doing so, S. aureus can evade both host defense mechanisms and most conventional antibioti...

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging provides a measure of the average distance travelled by water molecules in a medium and can give useful information on cellular structure and structural change when the medium is biological tissue. In this paper, two approximate models for the apparent diffusion coefficient at low b-values and long diffusion times are formulated and validated. The first is a...