the formation and regulation of vertebrate endogenous intestinal microbiota has been widely studied as the microbiota plays a crucial role in the host nutrition, development, and health. despite the importance of microbiota for host health, it is still unclear whether the endogenous intestinal microorganisms are genetically distinct or whether they are genetically related with each other in dif...

a total of 240, one-day-old quail chicks (coturnix coturnix japonica) were used to study the effects of artichoke leaf meal (alm) and vitamin e in diet on growth performance, ileal microbial populations and intestinal morphology in a 42-d trial. this experiment was performed as a completely randomized design with 4 replicates of 15 quails each, using a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement with diet and ...

The intestinal microbiota, epithelium, and immune system provide resistance to enteric pathogens. Recent data suggest that resistance is not solely due to the sum of the components, but that cross-talk between these components is also involved in modulating this resistance. Inhibition of pathogens by the intestinal microbiota has been called bacterial antagonism, bacterial interference, barrier...

Extremely complex interactions exist between the components of intestinal ecology, including the host intestinal anatomy, intestinal microbial populations, and the nutrition of the animal. The anatomical regions of the gastrointestinal tract can be characterized based on cell type and function and include the epithelial cell layer, lamina propria, muscularis, widespread components of the immune...

clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) is related to gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria. this rod-shaped bacterium produces spores and can cause a wide spectrum of diseases in humans and animals. every of five different bacterium types can lead to different diseases. most of distinct bacterial recognition methods are not completely effective and practical in all condition. the objective of ...

BACKGROUND The intestinal microbiota is increasingly linked to the pathogenesis of chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs. While imbalances in duodenal and fecal microbial communities have been associated with mucosal inflammation, relatively little is known about alterations in mucosal bacteria seen with CE involving the ileum and colon. AIM To investigate the composition and spatial organizatio...

Paneth cell α-defensins are antimicrobial peptides involved in the control of the intestinal microbiota and immunological homeostasis. In mice, they are encoded by multiple, highly homologous genes (Defa). The transcriptional activity of ileal Defa genes was studied in response to pharmacological and genetic perturbations of the intestinal environment of C57BL/6 mice. Defa gene transcription wa...

Intestinal bacterial communities in aquaculture have been drawn to attention due to potential benefit to their hosts. To identify core intestinal bacteria in the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), bacterial populations of disease-free shrimp were characterized from intestines of four developmental stages (15-day-old post larvae (PL15), 1- (J1), 2- (J2), and 3-month-old (J3) juveniles) using ...

BACKGROUND In vivo imaging of orally administered lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and commensal bacteria in mice is shown to provide information on the spatial and temporal distribution of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. The bacteria can be detected and monitored using bioluminescence or near-infrared fluorescence. RESULTS Fluorescence imaging of bacteria was established by expressing the ...