ide, Q , the P f this 2) sele A 67-year-old diabetic man with a pacemaker for symptomatic bradycardia underwent cardiac catheterization for unstable angina, 19 years after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. There were bilateral pedicled internal mammary grafts—from the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and from the right internal mamma...

I nternal mammary artery rupture is one of the uncommon complications after blunt chest trauma. In general, internal mammary artery rupture after chest trauma is associated with other injuries, including fractures, dislocation, lung contusions, and neurological impairment due to hypovolemia. Characteristic computed tomography (CT) and plain chest x ray findings might suggest the diagnosis of in...

In their search to find ways to reduce ischemia and possibly prevent death in patients with refractory angina, Stoller and Seiler, in 2014, moved into an undiscovered country and advanced a novel therapeutic strategy involving stimulation of extracardiac collaterals through occlusion of the internal mammary artery. In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions, Stoller and Seiler t...

The internal mammary artery is regarded as the optimal conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting in adults. Use of this conduit in paediatric surgery is rare and has been reported mainly in patients with Kawasaki's disease. We report five patients who required internal mammary-coronary artery grafting due to adverse anatomical disposition of the coronary artery. In two cases an internal mamma...

An ostial stenosis of the left internal mammary artery graft anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery was responsible for unstable angina in a patient with a previous coronary artery bypass graft. A T-shape arterectomy was performed between the left subclavian artery and left internal mammary artery. Successful revascularization of the lesion was achieved with a carotid-to-subclavian ...

Left internal mammary artery grafting is commonly used in elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. We report a near-fatal case with graft kinking upon sternal closure due to distended, emphysematous lungs impinging on the mammary graft. After the sternum was closed, the patient suffered a severe hemodynamic deterioration. Surgical examination revealed kinking of his left internal mammary ...