DNA barcoding based on a standardized region of 648 base pairs of mitochondrial DNAsequences from Cytochrome C Oxidase 1 (COX1) is proposed for animal species identification.Recent studies suggested that DNA barcoding has been effective for identifying 94% of birdspecies. The proposed threshold of 10 times the average intraspecific variation could be used forthe identification and delimitation ...

In this article, we study population dynamics of a general two-species discrete-time competition model where each species suffers from strong Allee effects and scramble intra-competition. We focus on how combination of intra-specific and inter-specific competition affect the extinction and coexistence of these two competing species that are subject to strong Allee effects. We derive sufficient ...

The aim of the study is to investigate influence capitalist spirit in conjunction with distribution income on economic growth. represented by fact that savings rates increase increasing relative income. We extend an endogenous AK growth model overlapping generational framework implementing imperfect competition and Cournot competition. Using this model, we profits intra- inter-generational dist...

The exotic species Spartina anglica, introduced from Europe in 1963, has been experiencing a decline in the past decade in coastal China, but the reasons for the decline are still not clear. It is hypothesized that competition with the native species Scirpus triqueter may have played an important role in the decline due to niche overlap in the field. We measured biomass, leaf number and area, a...

because of its extensive applications in financial analysis, stock market volatility modeling is a significantly important issue for stock market practitioners and academicians. using garch models to formulate the conditional variance heteroskedasticity and the taking advantages of panel data technique such as higher degrees of freedom, more flexibility in the control of the omitted or unobserv...

For more than a century ecologists have considered that competitive interactions between species are more intense at low latitudes [1,2]. This is frequently invoked as either an explanation or a consequence of higher species richness in the tropics, also suggesting that competition shifts from intra- to inter-specific towards the tropics [1]. Another common assumption is that within a community...

Most competition studies between species are conducted from a population-level approach. Few studies have examined inter-specific competition in conjunction with intra-specific competition, with an individual-based approach. To our knowledge, none has been conducted on marine top predators. Sympatric Galapagos fur seals (Arctocephalus galapagoensis) and sea lions (Zalophus wollebaeki) share sim...

Schmidt 1973; Kapusta and Rouwenhorst 1973; Weaver and Frederick 1974). However, the numbers needed to overcome indigenous rhizobia are in many cases too excessive to be practical. In much of the soybean-growing area in the north central United States, an area encompassing many soil types, indigeneous strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum serogroup 123 dominate nodulation of soybeans (Damirgi et ...