ali shariati was undoubtedly among the most important of the prerevolutionary islamist thinker particularly insofar as he made islam a politically respectable force for many young men and women in iran's traditional middle classes. shariati was novel for the time in terms of his education and intellectual influences. the clear attraction of ideology for shariati is that he believes by means of ...

among muslim thinkers, mullasadra and ahsai are two important figures who have specific approach to the cognitive extents of the wisdom in understanding of the qur’an as a revealed text. one of the consecrate conditions of mullasadra view about ta’vil; is that from his point of view independent comprehension of qur’anic verses is permissible; but ahsai believes that ta’vil should not be contrad...

1. OPEN INNOVATION Open innovation was defined by Henry Ches-broug, a professor at Harvard Business School, in 2003. He believes that in an open innovation model, companies should use internal and external strength to develop new products and to commercialize them (Chesbrough, 2005). Figure 1 shows the open innovation model. In the closed innovation model, the steps from new products developmen...

This paper and that which follows by M 7 MacCulloch were prepared for a London Medical Group symposium entitled 'Homosexuality: congenital or acquired?' held at the Middlesex Hospital Medical School in October 1979. DrCrown deals with the psychological and socialfactors of homosexuality. While he believes that part of homosexual behaviourmay be genetic, DrCrownfeels that the acquired factors ar...

baha al-din mohammad b. husayn ameli, known as shaykh bahai (d.1031 a.h), is an illustrious scholar of the 10th and 11th century a.h., and one of the celebrities of safavid period. he was a prolific author and highly qualified not only in intellectual sciences but in traditional textual ones. thus he had a great impact on the posterity as well as his contemporaries. study and analysis of the ex...

allame tabatabaei believes that theory of fitrah (instinct qualities of human nature) rests upon the principle of general instinct conductance of creatures and considers this theory as a branch of it. he also believes in the theory of eternal inherent happiness and unhappiness of human being, explains it in a way that it can be compatible with the benevolent tendency in every human being’s natu...