In this paper, we perform two-dimensional simulations of cross-flow forward osmosis (FO) membrane modules in the presence of draw and feed channel spacers. For this purpose, the equations corresponding to the conservation of mass, momentum, and convection-diffusion for the mass fraction of solute are solved using a commercial finite volume flow solver. We consider six configurations of channel ...

Asymmetric molecules and materials provide an important basis for the organization and function of biological systems. It is well known that, for example, the inner and outer leaflets of biological membranes are strictly asymmetric with respect to lipid composition and distribution. This plays a crucial role for many membrane-related processes like carrier-mediated transport or insertion and or...

Membrane-based technologies have increasingly been chosen in desalination processes, which is evidenced by the increase of large-scale plants constructed in recent years. Indeed, several appropriate strategies should be considered to minimize problems faced during the construction, such as membrane system designs, area requirement, energy requirement, operation and maintenance, and environmenta...

In fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the nuclear envelope remains intact throughout mitosis and undergoes a series of symmetrical morphological changes when the spindle pole bodies (SPBs), embedded in the nuclear envelope, are pushed apart by elongating spindle microtubules. These symmetrical membrane shape transformations do not correspond to the shape behavior of an analogous system ba...

This paper demonstrates a new method to porate single suspension living cell membrane using cavitation bubble-induced high speed jet flow. A microfluidic chip with an array of single cell trapping structures is designed and fabricated to trap sing cell and induce the asymmetric collapse of the cavitation bubble. Myeloma cells suspended in Trypan blue saline solution is tested and single Myeloma...

the aim of this study was the increasing of leachate quality using integrated membrane bioreactor (mbr). the reactor was fed with treated leachate with overall 70-1360 mg/l chemical oxygen demand (cod). the analysis of cod, biochemical oxygen demand (bod5), total suspended solids (tss), and total dissolved solids (tds) were performed in feed and filtrate, whenever the system reached steady stat...

Abstract Osmotic energy, existing between solutions with different concentrations, is a sustainable and ecofriendly resource for solving energy issues. However, current membrane-based osmotic conversion technologies focus on electricity generation from an “open” system by directly mixing salt (NaCl) at room temperature. For the integrated utilization of thermal higher power output performance, ...

The aim of the present study was to design an asymmetric membrane capsule, an osmotic pump-based drug delivery system of ethyl cellulose for controlled release of terbutaline sulphate. asymmetric membrane capsules contains pore-forming water soluble additive, sorbitol in different concentrations in the capsule shell membrane, which after coming in contact with water, dissolves, resulting in an ...

Asymmetric distribution of phospholipids is ubiquitous in the plasma membranes of many eukaryotic cells. The majority of the aminophospholipids are located in the inner leaflet whereas the cholinephospholipids are localized predominantly in the outer leaflet. Several functional roles for asymmetric phospholipid distribution in plasma membranes have been suggested. Disruption of lipid asymmetry ...