OBJECTIVE Exenatide belongs to a new therapeutic class in the treatment of diabetes (incretin mimetics), allowing glucose-dependent glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. Randomised controlled trial data suggest that exenatide is as effective as insulin glargine at reducing HbA1c in combination therapy with metformin and sulphonylureas; with reduced weight but higher incidence of adverse gastroi...

Aims To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of basal insulin glargine with mealtime insulin glulisine or twice daily 75/25 premixed neutral protamine insulin lispro and insulin lispro in individuals with type 1 diabetes during three standardized meals over a 24 hour duration and compare to physiologic insulin and glucose responses in healthy non-diabetic individuals. Methods Tw...

OBJECTIVE To establish differences in blood glucose between different regimens of optimized basal insulin substitution in type 1 diabetic patients given lispro insulin at meals, i.e., NPH injected four times a day versus glargine insulin once daily at dinner or at bedtime. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 51 patients with type 1 diabetes on intensive therapy (NPH four times/day and lisp...

OBJECTIVE It was reported that the long-acting insulin analogue glargine induces cell proliferation in a human osteosarcoma cell line and therefore might induce or accelerate tumor growth. Induction of cell proliferation would be particularly relevant for insulin treatment of subjects with diabetes and the potential of bearing tumor cells (e.g., a history of a malignant disease). RESEARCH DES...

OBJECTIVE To determine the safety and efficacy of the long-acting analog insulin glargine compared with NPH insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes who were previously treated with insulin alone. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 518 subjects with type 2 diabetes who were receiving NPH insulin with or without regular insulin for postprandial control were randomized to receive insulin gl...

INTRODUCTION Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive disease, and many patients eventually require insulin therapy. This study examined real-world outcomes of switching basal insulin analogs among patients with T2DM. METHODS Using two large United States administrative claims databases (IMPACT(®) and Humana(®)), this longitudinal retrospective study examined two cohorts of adult pati...

There is ongoing interest in optimizing basal insulin treatment by developing insulins with a flat pharmacological profile, a long duration of action (typically beyond 24 hours) and minimum day-to-day variation. Glargine-300 is a modified form of the long-acting insulin analog glargine in that it has been concentrated at 300 units/mL rather than the conventional 100 units/mL. Glargine-300 has a...

OBJECTIVE To compare effects of LY2605541 versus insulin glargine on daily mean blood glucose as part of a basal-bolus regimen for type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this randomized, Phase 2, open-label, 2 × 2 crossover study, 137 patients received once-daily basal insulin (LY2605541 or glargine) plus mealtime insulin for 8 weeks, followed by crossover treatment for 8 weeks. Daily...

The two publications on the pharmacokinetics of insulin glargine in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in this issue ofDiabetes Care (1,2) provide additional explanatory evidence in support of the definitive findings in the Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) study in which exposure to insulin glargine for a median duration of 6.2 years did not increase the ri...

BACKGROUND Insulin glargine (Lantus) is a long-acting basal insulin analog that demonstrates effective day-long glycemic control and a lower incidence of hypoglycemia than NPH insulin. After subcutaneous injection insulin glargine is partly converted into the two main metabolites M1 ([Gly(A21)]insulin) and M2 ([Gly(A21),des-Thr(B30)]insulin). The aim of this study was to characterize the glargi...