Orbital explanations of paleoclimatic records traditionally focus on daily insolation at ;60&N. We exemplify how insolation at different latitudes and different times of day can explain the timing of the Devil’s Hole dO record. We combine winter tropical noontime insolation (associated with the source-region for wintertime precipitation) and summer extra-tropical noontime insolation (producing ...

Meteorological forecasts of incident solar radiation are valuable for solar resource owners and others. Most previously described forecast methods provide a single predicted value. However, a well-calibrated forecast probability distribution is more useful in that it could be used to make optimum decisions under any decision rule. We demonstrate methods of constructing and evaluating probabilis...

The atmospheric radiative forcing is a central theme of climate change impact studies. The presence of Atmospheric Brown Clouds due to increased aerosol concentrations and green house gases such as water vapour, CO2 alter solar radiation and atmospheric thermal regimes. Both have strong feedbacks on open water evaporation. The measured daily global (direct + diffuse) insolation for a period of ...

A surface solar radiation parameterization based on deviations between 3-D and conventional plane-parallel radiative transfer models has been incorporated into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to understand the solar insolation over mountain/snow areas and to investigate the impact of the spatial and temporal distribution and variation of surface solar fluxes on land-surface pro...

The annual link between the solar insolation, the surface temperature, and the dust load in the atmosphere as estimated by the TOMS Aerosol Index was compared in five major sandy deserts around the globe. A high correlation was found between the insolation and the dust in all deserts, while the correlation of dust with temperature was lower. The peaks of the insolation and the dust occurred alm...

Thorium-230 ages and oxygen isotope ratios of stalagmites from Dongge Cave, China, characterize the Asian Monsoon and low-latitude precipitation over the past 160,000 years. Numerous abrupt changes in 18O/16O values result from changes in tropical and subtropical precipitation driven by insolation and millennial-scale circulation shifts. The Last Interglacial Monsoon lasted 9.7 +/- 1.1 thousand...

Although the sun crosses the equator 2 times per year at the equinoxes, at times in the past the equatorial insolation has had only one maximum and one minimum throughout the seasonal cycle because of Milankovitch orbital variations. Here a state-of-the-art coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model is used to study the effect of such insolation forcing on equatorial surface properties,...

A solar cell array is inherently a nonlinear device consisting of several solar cell modules connected in series-parallel combinations to provide the desired DC voltage and current. At a fixed insolation level, the terminal voltage decreases nonlinearly as the load current increases. Due to this nonlinearity, it is difficult to determine analytically the operating point at which the output powe...