Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) are highly promising materials as selective separation layers on the inside of hollow fiber membranes. We investigate forward osmosis (FO) performance poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS)/poly(allylamine) (PAH)- and PSS/poly(ethylene imine)-based PEM membranes apply different draw solutions. The show properties, demonstrated by their retention behavior under nanofi...

Methylmercury is one of the most typical environmental pollutants, and many studies on its toxicity and metabolism have been performed. A methylmercury solution prepared for experiments generally contains a trace amount of inorganic mercury. To obtain accurate experimental results an inorganic mercury-free methylmercury preparation should be employed for toxicological studies, because behavior ...

Interest in forward osmosis (FO) research has rapidly increased in the last decade due to problems of water and energy scarcity. FO processes have been used in many applications, including wastewater reclamation, desalination, energy production, fertigation, and food and pharmaceutical processing. However, the inherent disadvantages of FO, such as lower permeate water flux compared to pressure ...

Osmotic energy, as a sustainable energy source with little environmental impact, has drawn much attention in both academia and industry in recent years. Osmotically driven membrane processes can harvest the osmotic energy and thus have great potential to produce sustainable clean water or electric energy. The draw solution, as an osmotic component, has been more and more explored by scientists ...

An 'anomalous' negative flux, in which carbon dioxide (CO2) enters rather than is released from the ground, was studied in a saline/alkaline soil. Soil sterilization disclosed an inorganic process of CO2 dissolution into (during the night) and out of (during the day) the soil solution, driven by variation in soil temperature. Experimental and modeling analysis revealed that pH and soil moisture...

Heterotrophic microbial decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, immobilize or mineralize inorganic elements, depending on their elemental composition and that of their organic resource. This fact has major implications for their interactions with other consumers of inorganic elements. We combine the stoichiometric and resource-ratio approaches in a model describing the use by decomposers of an...