This paper seeks to integrate Michael’s (1982, 1993) discussion of the concept of the establishing operation (EO) with existing conceptual and empirical analyses of problem behavior in people with developmental disabilities. The paper begins with a summary of Michael (1993), which seeks to describe his concept of the EO and place it briefly in historical context. The role of EOs in evoking and ...

In patients refusing implant surgery for psychological reasons, when minimal tooth reduction is desired, a fiber-reinforced composite inlay fixed partial denture (IFPD) can be used to replace missing teeth. In comparison to other restorative systems this conservative approach carries a lower risk of pulp exposure and/or periodontal inflammation, maintaining the health of supporting tissues. The...

The load-bearing capacity and failure types of indirect inlay-retained fixed dental prostheses (FDP), made of particulate filler composite (PFC) (Estenia) alone or reinforced with E-glass fibers impregnated with various monomers were evaluated. Indirect inlay-retained FDPs were made between first premolars and first molars (N=30, 10/per group). The inlay parts of the specimens were silica coate...

introduction: this in vitro study investigates the marginal and internal fit of indirect class ii composite restorations. two different processes for chair-side restorations were compared. in group a, the restorations were fabricated using cad/cam technology (cerec, sirona, germany, bernsheim) and in group b they were made by hand (grandioso inlay system, voco gmbh, germany, cuxhaven). methods:...

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effect of clinical clerkship-associated achievements, such as performance of procedures at the student clinic, observation, and attitude towards a clerkship, on the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) scores of dental students graduating in restorative dentistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS The OSCEs consisted of two stations designed to a...

Amalgam has been used in the restoration of structurally compromised posterior teeth for many years. When placing large amalgam restorations, replacement of weak cusps with restorative material is recommended to prevent tooth fracture. This recommendation can be modified with new guidelines using modern adhesive techniques. Semidirect and indirect inlay/onlay composite restorations have progres...

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect cement thickness on strain and stresses resulting from polymerization resin using photoelasticity Finite Element Analysis (FEA). For study, twenty upper first premolars with inlay cavity preparation were constructed photoelastic restored composite inlay. samples divided into two groups (n = 10) according film material. Group 1, 100 ?m; for 2...

Objectives: A comparison study between ceramic full coverage FPDs & 3 designs of ceramic inlay retained FPDs regarding vertical marginal gap & retention. Materials & Methods: Twenty samples were constructed and divided into 4 groups according to the type of restorations: full coverage, inlay-shaped (occluso-proximal inlay + proximal box), tub-shaped (occluso-proximal inlay), and proximal box-sh...

Economics has always been an important field of study for the simple reason that, at its idealistic heart, it is the study of how to influence the trade and utilization of limited resources in order to make people as happy as possible. However, economics is also a field in which it is very difficult to prove assertions to be absolutely true because economics concerns itself with the behavior of...