We show that polymer light-emitting diodes with high work-function cathodes and conjugated polyelectrolyte injection/transport layers exhibit excellent efficiencies despite large electron-injection barriers. Correlation of device response times with structure provides evidence that the electron-injection mechanism involves redistribution of the ions within the polyelectrolyte electron-transport...

Current injection efficiency and its impact on efficiency-droop in InGaN single quantum well (QW) based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are investigated. The analysis is based on current continuity relation for drift and diffusion carrier transport across the QW-barrier system. A self-consistent 6-band k p method is used to calculate the band structure for InGaN QW. The analysis indicates that the...

the present research identified major barriers of isfahan university teachers participation in electronic technology courses. a second goal of this study was to examine the effects of characteristics and demographics of university teachers on these barriers. in this research problems and barriers fell into three distinct categories: personal, perceptual, and contextual. a questionnaire was desi...

Minimizing charge carrier injection barriers and extraction losses at interfaces between organic semiconductors and metallic electrodes is critical for optimizing the performance of organic (opto-) electronic devices. Here, we implement a detailed electrostatic model, capable of reproducing the alignment between the electrode Fermi energy and the transport states in the organic semiconductor bo...

This qualitative study examines the interpersonal and structural barriers to drug treatment program entry, retention, and outcomes experienced by injection drug-using couples, and the program policies regarding injection drug-using couples seeking treatment in New York, New York. Our findings reveal a mismatch between the substantial need for concurrent and coordinated treatment for partnered i...