background and aims: rubella is a contagious viral disease mostly with mild clinical symptoms and often remains undiagnosed. rubella infection may adversely affect pregnancy, especially in the first trimester and this mother to child transmission can cause congenital rubella and may be lead to permanent disability and mortality in children. effective rubella vaccine should be prepared using sui...

background: pandemic flu had at least two waves in iran. knowing how many of the general population were already exposed to this infection has a major impact on na-tional preventive measures. as of december 30, 2009, a total of 3672 confirmed cases of human infection with a novel influenza a (2009 h1n1) virus had been reported in iran with 140 deaths. objective: in this study we aim to measure,...

objective: tyrosinase as the key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, involves in determining the color of mammalian skin and hair. a variety of dermatological disorders, come up from an unnecessary level of epidermal pigmentation. plants are low-cost and rich sources of active compounds.  methods: more than seventy native plants collected from the central region of kurdistan province collected. inh...

alpha-amylase is widely used as an industrial enzyme, and a therapeutic target for which inhibitors are designed. organic solvents are used to dissolve various compounds that would be studied as moderators of alpha-amylases, but they could themselves affect enzyme activity and stability. methanol, ethanol and propanol are simple alcohols that may be commonly used to this end, and their effect h...

prepulse inhibition (ppi), the objective measure of sensorimotor gating disturbance has being widely used in animal models of schizophrenia. dopaminergic direct and indirect agonists impair ppi. however, the profile of dopaminergic receptors involved in ppi impairment by dopamine agonists is not clear. by injecting shrna expressing plasmids against dopamine d2 receptor genes (drd2) in the nucle...

71 samples of milk and dairy products were collected from 18 cities throughout iran. 93 strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) were isolated and assayed against four opportunistic patho gens including e. coli, proteus and klebsiella as gram-negative and s. aureus as a gram-positive organism. all indicators (organisms) were hospital strains. among isolated bacteria, lactobacilli (37 isolates) had...

introduction: atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic diseases, alzheimer’s disease, parkinson disease, cancer and inflammation emerge from imbalance between antioxidant and oxidants. cancer is a most important public health problem in both developed and developing countries. natural antioxidants such as polyphenols are being used for prevention and treatment cancer. polyphenols include phenoli...

thromboembolic disease is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. thrombin plays a key role in thrombotic events and thrombin inhibition represents a therapeutic event for thromboembolic events and has been identified as a target of therapy of its pivotal role in coagulation process. anticoagulation is a major intervention for the management of arterial and venous thromboembolic events. dabi...

background:  the residual effect of triflumuron and pyriproxyfen on musca domestica l larval stages was studied in the laboratory. methods : both igrs at varying concentrations ranging between 0.5 to 2.5 mg/l were placed inside beakers with mice chow and vitamin b complex and water as food for the 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd instars m.domestica larvae. results: both igrs inhibit m. domestica adult eme...

b-biotype bemisia tabaci is a severe insect pest worldwide in many ornamental, agricultural, and horticultural crops. control of this insect is obstructed by resistance to many acetylcholinesterase (ache)-inhibiting insecticides, such as organophosphates and carbamates. in the present work, we evaluated the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of six monoterpenoids namely α-pinene, terpineo...