conclusions the aiv loaded into cnp vaccines induce appropriate antibody titers, after a single immunization, while requiring a low dose of antigen. the cnp also represent an interesting new platform for antigen delivery and a promising adjuvant candidate for h9n2 inactivated influenza vaccine. results the cnp did not cause any mortality or side effects, when chickens were administered the prep...

BACKGROUND The new swine influenza (H1N1) requires fast and accurate diagnosis. Currently, there are few reports about the diagnostic performance of influenza antigen tests with regard to the H1N1 virus infection. We evaluated the reactivity of eight commercially available rapid antigen tests in samples from confirmed infected patients. METHODS From 23 patients tested positive by polymerase c...

The purpose of this statement is to update current recommendations for routine use of trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine and antiviral medications for the prevention and treatment of influenza in children. The 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic virus is expected to circulate, with infants and children at increased risk of severe illness and death. This year's trivalent seasonal influenza vaccin...

Due to frequent viral antigenic change, current influenza vaccines need to be re-formulated annually to match the circulating strains for battling seasonal influenza epidemics. These vaccines are also ineffective in preventing occasional outbreaks of new influenza pandemic viruses. All these challenges call for the development of universal influenza vaccines capable of conferring broad cross-pr...

The peripheral blood lymphocyte response and hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers were measured in nine adults before and after immunization with a killed split influenza virus vaccine. Cord blood lymphocytes were tested with the influenza antigen to exclude a nonspecific mitogenic effect. All of the subjects demonstrated preexisting antibody titers and antigen recognition by lymphocytes...

background and objectives: virosomes are virus like particles (vlp) assembled in-vitro. influenza virosomes maintain the cell binding and membrane fusion activity of the wild type virus but are devoid of viral genetic material or internal proteins. influenza virosomes mimic the natural antigen presentation route of the influenza virus. materials and methods: virosomes were prepared by membrane ...

conclusions tuberculosis was an important cause of cap in our region. hence, it should be considered in all patients admitted with a cap diagnosis. results among 120 patients with cap, the most common etiology was s. pneumoniae (24.4%), followed by mycobacterium tuberculosis (17.5%), s. aureus (6.7%), polymicrobial agents including anaerobes (4.2%), complicated hydatid cyst (2.5%), influenza a ...

AIM To assess the efficacy and effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines in healthy children up to the age of 18 years. METHODS MedLine, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, WHOLIS, LILACS, and Global Health were searched for randomized controlled trials and cohort and case-control studies investigating the efficacy or effectiveness of influenza vaccines in healthy children up to the age of 18 years. ...

Dendritic cells (DCs) act as a first-line recognition system for invading pathogens, such as influenza A. The interaction of DC with influenza A virus results in DC activation via endosomal Toll-like receptors and also leads to presentation of viral peptides on MHC class II molecules. Prior work demonstrated that influenza A virus (A/HKx31; H3N2) infection of BALB/c mice activates lung DCs for ...

Single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assay requires a reference antigen and an antibody to the hemagglutinin (HA) of an influenza vaccine. As it takes 2‑3 months to develop the reference antigen, vaccine development is delayed in cases of an influenza pandemic. In the present study, the measurement of the HA content of influenza vaccines was assessed using size exclusion high performance liquid...